Pediatric Infectious Disease Flashcards
Why should augmentin be used as a second line to amoxicillin in kids?
Augmentin is amoxacillin/clauvunate
Clauvunate has a side effect of diarrhea, this should be avoided to decrease chance of dehydration
What is the most common etiology of conjunctivitis in kids?
Allergic
What are the etiologies of pediatric conjunctivitis?
- Bacterial: H. influenza, S. pneumonia, Chlamydia
- Viral: Adenovirus, HSV
- Allergic
What is the presentation of bacterial conjunctivitis?
Erythema, chemosis, itching, burning, macuopurulent exudate, matter in the eyelashes
What is the presentation of viral conjunctivitis?
Erythema, chemosis, tearing (bilateral); HSV unilateral photophobia, fever, nose lesions
What is the presentation of allergic conjunctivitis?
Stringy mucoid exudate, swollen eyelids and conjunctiva, itching, tearing, headache, rhinitis
What is the treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis?
Erythromycin ointment or polymyxin B/trimethoprim
*warm soaks, and no sharing towels/bedding
What are the two types of eye cellulitis?
- Periorbital cellulitis: anterior soft tissue of orbital septum
- Orbital cellulitis: over posterior orbital septum
What is the presentation of peri/orbital cellulitis?
- Proptosis, eye pain, decreased vision, limited extraocular motility think orbital cellulitis
Clinical Manifestations: fever, swelling, and erythema of surrounding tissues, deep red color of eyelid
What imaging should be ordered ASAP when peri/orbital cellulitis is on your differential?
CT scan
What is the treatment of peri/orbital cellulitis?
Orbital cellulitis: admission for IV abx
Periorbital cellulitis: Augmentin (90 mg/kg/day, BID) or Clindamycin (30-40 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses)
What administration of antibiotics are typically preferred in treating otitis externa?
Drops
What is the treatment for otitis externa?
- Cortisporin 2 drops in ear every 3-4 hours for 5-7 days
OR
- Floxin 5 drops in affected ear BID for 7 days
What are the common etiologies of otitis media?
S. pneumonia
H. influenza
M. catarrhalis
What are the common presenting symptoms of otitis media?
- Ear pain
- Hearing loss
- Fever?
- Drainage?
What is the treatment for otitis media?
- Amoxicillin 90 mg/kg/day in divided doses (BID)
- Augmentin 90 mg/kg/day in divided doses (BID)
If PCN allergy: Emycin or Clindamycin with Bactrim
What is the treatment for non-allergic rhinitis?
Nasal sprays
What is the treatment for viral rhinitis?
Nasal saline, steam?
What is the treatment for influenza in pediatric patients?
Supportive, treat high risk immunocompromised with anti-virals
Tamiflu (suspension sizes 6 mg/ml or 12 mg/ml)
At what age is the influenza vaccine recommended to start?
6 months (first year is given as two doses one month apart)
How many days does a patient have to have persistent nasal congestion, without improvement in order to classy as sinusitis?
10 days
What is the treatment for sinusitis?
Amoxicillin/Amoxicillin-clauvulanate 90 mg/kg/day usually BID