Pediatric Oncology Flashcards
What is the most common childhood cancer?
Leukemia
What is neuroblastoma?
Cancer arising in the adrenal medulla or sympathetic nervous system
*m/c cancer in infants under age 1
What are the most common symptoms with neuroblastoma?
- Abdominal pain, discomfort, sense of fullness
- Orbital ecchymosis
Can a prenatal US detect neuroblastoma?
Yes
What urinary study values will be elevated with a neuroblastoma?
Urinary vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) or homovanillic acid (HVA)
What is 4S Disease?
Unique stage for neuroblastoma
- Infants < 1
- Small primary tumor in originating location
- Common to have spontaneous remission (best prognosis)
What is the treatment for neuroblastoma?
Surgical resection and chemotherapy
What is the common presentation of nephroblastoma (Wilms Tumor)?
Painless, palpable abdominal mass
Hypertension
What is the treatment for a Wilms Tumor?
Surgical resection followed by chemo
What is the best imaging modality for diagnosing pediatric CNS malignancies?
MRI
What is leukocoria?
White reflex in pupil
What age is most common for retinoblastoma?
2 years old
Where is the most common site for rhabdomyosarcoma?
Head and neck region
What pattern is seen on x-ray in osteosarcoma?
Sunburst pattern, sclerotic changes
What pattern is seen on x-ray in Ewing Sarcoma?
“moth eaten” or “onion skin”
What is the peak incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)?
2-5 years
What are common presenting symptoms of ALL?
- Anemia
- Thrombocytopenia
- Neutropenia (Recurrent infections)
- Splenomegaly, hepatomegaly (organ infiltration of leukemic cells)
What is the diagnosis for ALL?
- CBC and peripheral blood smear (will show immature blasts)
- Bone marrow biopsy
- Histochemical studies, cytogenics (distinguishes ALL and AML)
What are the four general phases of chemotherapy for ALL?
- Remission induction
- Post-remission consolidation
- Interim maintenance and intensification
- Maintenance
