Pediatric Nutrition Dilemmas Flashcards
Not sure... what is most important from this. It's a lot of disorganized lists.
How can Vitamin C deficiency present on HEENT exam?
Buccal mucosa ulcers. (Oral ulcers)
Erythematous gingiva. (Bloody gums)
How does Vitamin C deficiency cause bone problems?
Collagen synthesis requires Vitamin C as a co-factor.
Can Vit. ADEK deficiency cause anorexia, bone pain with decreased weight bearing, petechiae, brittle nails, etc?
Yep.
Hematopoetic effects of Vit C deficiency?
Microcytic anemia - (due to impaired Fe absorption?)
also protects PMNs from intracellular oxidative damage
How does Vit C deficiency affect blood vessels?
Causes petechiae, bruises and nodules - without decreasing platelets.
In children, what’s the most common presenting complaint of Vit C deficiency?
Pain, limping, and extremity weakness.
In what condition do you see corkscrew hairs with hemorrhage in the follicles?
Vit C deficiency.
What are 3 places in which you can measure ascorbic acid levels? What does each tell you?
Plasma - reflects dietary intake
Leukocytes - reflects tissue content
Urine…
Can low Ca++/Vit D cause seizures?
Yes.
What does measuring 25-OH Vitamin D tell you?
This value reflects the body’s stores of vitamin D.
What does measuring 1,25(OH)2 D tell you?
This value won’t be low until all the 25-OH Vitamin D has been depleted.
Review: What does Vit D deficiency cause in children? In adults?
In children: Rickets - failure of mineralization.
In adults: osteomalcea - softening of mature bone.
How are the ribs different in Rickets?
There’s more cartilage - can bead up and make the ribs feel nodular.
“rachitic rosary”
What kind of growth is affected in Rickets?
Linear growth.
Does rickets increase susceptibility to infection?
Yep.
Does Rickets cause bone pain?
Yep.
Does Vit D have effects outside the skeletal system?
Yes - deficiency increases risk for cancer, MS, T1D, CD, infections, heart disease.
Why can prolonged breast feeding lead to Vit D deficiency?
Breast milk lacks Vit D.
Why are premature infants at increases risk of rickets?
A lot of the vitamin acquisition occurs in the last trimester…
Deficiency in what mineral can cause increased GI motility, rash, impaired growth? How?
What’s a common reason for deficiency?
Zinc deficiency - It is necessary for DNA replication… so anything dividing cells (skin, gut, hematopoetic, etc) will be affected.
Common cause of deficiency is malabsorption secondary to celiac disease.
What rash is particularly seen in Zn deficiency?
Acrodermatitis enteropathica.
What can cause the bloating of the abdomen seen in kids with celiac?
Protein depletion -> really low albumin -> water retention -> gut bloating.
