Pediatric Lab Values

Question 1

Hemoglobin

Answer 1

10.5-18 g/dL

If low: hemorrhage, anemia
If high: polycythemia

Question 2

Hematocrit

Answer 2

32-52%

If low: hemorrhage, anemia
If high: polycythemia, dehydration

Question 3

Red blood cell

Answer 3

4-6 million/mm3

If low: hemorrhage, anemia
If high: polycythemia, heart disease, pulmonary disease

Question 4

White blood cell

Answer 4

1-23 months: 6000-14000/mm3
2-9 years: 4000-12000/mm3
10-18 years: 4000-10500/mm3

If low: aplastic anemia, drug toxicity, specific infections
If high: inflammation, trauma, toxicity, leukemia

Question 5

Neutrophils

Answer 5

1500-8000/mm3

If ANC < 1000/mm3, defer elective dental treatment

Question 6

Lymphocytes

Answer 6

1500-3000/mm3

Viral and bacterial infections, acute and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, antigen reaction

Question 7

Eosinophils

Answer 7

50-250/mm3

Parasitic and allergic conditions, blood dyscrasias, pernicious anemia

Question 8

Basophils

Answer 8

15-50/mm3

Increased in blood dyscrasias

Question 9

Monocytes

Answer 9

285-500/mm3

Hodgkin’s disease, lipid storage disease, severe infection, monocytic leukemia

Question 10

Prothrombin time

Answer 10

12.7-15.4 seconds

Extrinsic clotting of blood
Prolonged in liver disease, impaired vitamin K production, surgical trauma with blood loss

Question 11

Partial thromboplastin time

Answer 11

By laboratory control

Intrinsic clotting of blood, congenital clotting disorders
Prolonged in hemophilia A, B, and C and Von Willebrand’s disease

Question 12

Platelets

Answer 12

150,000-400,000/mm3

Measures clotting potential
Increased in polycythemia, leukemia, severe hemorrhage
Decreased in thrombocytopenia purpura

Question 13

Bleeding time (adult)

Answer 13

<7.1 min

Measures quality of platelets
Prolonged in thrombocytopenia

Question 14

International Normalized Ratio (INR)

Answer 14

1 without anticoagulant therapy
2-3 with anticoagulant therapy

Measures extrinsic clotting

Question 15

Urine volume

Answer 15

1000-2000 mL/day

Increased in DM, chronic nephritis

Question 16

Urine specific gravity

Answer 16

1.015-1.025

Measures the degree of tubular reabsorption and dehydration
Increased in DM, decreased in acute nephritis, aldosteronism and diabetes insipidus

Question 17

Urine pH

Answer 17

5.0-9.0

reflects acidosis and alkalosis

Acidic: DM, acidosis, prolonged fever
Basic: urinary tract infection, alkalosis

Question 18

Urine casts

Answer 18

1-2 per high power field

Renal tubule degeneration occurring in cardiac failure, pregnancy and hemogobinuric-nephrosis

Question 19

Sodium

Answer 19

134-143 mmol/L

Increased in Cushing’s syndrome

Question 20

Potassium

Answer 20

3.3-4.6 mmol/L

Increased in tissue breakdown

Question 21

Bicarbonate

Answer 21

22-29 mmol/L (venous)
21-28 mmol/L (arterial)

Reflects acid-base balance

Question 22

Chloride

Answer 22

98-106 mmol/L

Increased in renal disease and hypertension

Question 23

C-reactive protein (CRP)

Answer 23

0.08-1.58 mg/dl

Increase in infection; indicates acute phase of inflammatory metabolic response

Question 24

Infant normal heart rate 0-12 months

Answer 24

100-160 bpm

Question 25

Infant normal BP 0-6 months

Answer 25

65-90 / 45-65 mmHg

Question 26

Infant normal BP 6-12 months

Answer 26

80-100 / 55-65 mmHg

Question 27

Infant normal respiration 0-6 months

Answer 27

30-60 breaths/min

Question 28

Infant normal respiration 6-12 months

Answer 28

24-30 breaths/min

Question 29

Child normal heart rate 1-11 years

Answer 29

70-120 bpm

Question 30

Child normal BP 1-11 years

Answer 30

90-110 / 55-75 mmHg

Question 31

Child normal respiration 1-5 years

Answer 31

20-30 breaths/min

Question 32

Child normal respiration 6-11 years

Answer 32

12-20 breaths/min

Question 33

Adolescent normal heart rate 12+ years

Answer 33

60-100bpm

Question 34

Adolescent normal BP 12+ years

Answer 34

110-135 / 65-85 mmHg

Question 35

Adolescent normal respiration

Answer 35

12-18 breaths/min

Question 36

All ages normal temperature

Answer 36

98.6F