Pediatric Immunizations Flashcards
What are internet resources that provide immunization schedules for pediatric and adult patients?
CDCV App
Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)
American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP)
Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Red Book - Pediatric Immunizations and Infectious disease
What are the various types of vaccines?
Conjugate Vaccines
Live Attenuated Vaccines
Toxoid Vaccines
Non-Conjugate Inactivated Vaccines
What is Conjugate Vaccine?
Bacterial Polysaccharides are poorly immunogenic in children
When conjugated to carrier proteins (usually capsular or outer-membrane proteins), immune response is strengthened
Pathogens are surrounded by a polysaccharide capsule and are immunogenic
T-Cell dependent immunity to Polysaccharides is triggered
Strengthens immune memory
Examples:
- Meningococcal
- Pneumococcal
- Haemophilus Influenza B
- Hepatitis B
- Influenza
- Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
- Pertussis
What are Non-Conjugated Inactivated Vaccines?
Inactivated/killed organisms (thermally or chemically)
Immunogenicity is retained
Examples:
- Hepatits A
- Polio
- Rabies
What are Toxoid Vaccines?
Vaccines containing sub-unit antigens or inactivated toxins
Include the “parts” that best stimulate immune response
Examples:
- Tetanus
- Diphtheria
What are Live Attenuated Vaccines?
Version of Microbe weakened in lab
Stronger mucosal immunity develops
NOT FOR IMMUNOCOMPROMISED
NOT IF THEY HAVE RECEIVED BLOOD PRODUCTS IN THE RECENT PAST
- For some products, up to 11 months
Examples:
- Measles- Mumps-Rubella
- Varicella
- Rotavirus
- Influenza (Nasal Spray)
- Herpes Zoster (Shingles) for adults
What is the main reason that vaccines had to be developed?
Development was needed as populations grew closer to one another
Epidemics had to be contained
What is the general recommendation for vaccines?
Birth to 24 Months
- Extremely busy period for vaccinations, most first dose given during this period
24 Months
- Pneumococcal
4-6 Years of Age
- Boosters given
11-12 Years Old
- First Meningococcal
- First HPV
16-17 Years Old
- Second Meningococcal
What is herd immunity?
If enough individuals are vaccinated, the people of the population are somewhat protected
People who are unable to receive the vaccine are somewhat protected as liklihood of outbreak in community is reduced
People may not have bee fully immunized are somewhat protective
Not every vaccine is 100% effective
When community vaccination drops below the threshold of herd immunity, widespread disease occurs
This is different per disease, really contagious viruses must reach a high threshold of herd immunity
Can MMR V cause autism?
NO
It was associated with autism when it was becoming more screened and awareness was prevelent
Recent Studies show MMRV is not associated as well
Should people with egg allergies avoid the flu vaccine?
No, they should absolutely get the flu vaccine.
However they should do so at a doctors office with epinephrine readily available
Do the vaccines cause the disease?
No
MMR may cause a rash
Oral Polio (not given in US) may cause vaccine induced paralytic disease (SUPER low risk)
Will not getting immunizations decrease overall lifetime risk for the child?
Risk of getting an infectious disease and dying from it FAR OUTWEIGH the risks associated with vaccines
