Pediatric Immunization Flashcards
define vaccine
product that stimulates immune system to produce immunity to a specific disease.
A vaccine initiates the immunization process
define vaccination
process of getting a vaccine into body (needle, nose)
define immunity
person is protected from getting a disease (by humoral and cellular immune systems) by virtue of receiving a vaccine or by previously having the disease
define imunization
process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease either by receiving a vaccine or by having the disease; describes actual changes the body goes through after receiving a vaccine
what is active immunization?
antigen is administered to the host to induce formation of antibodies and cell-mediated immunity
may be live or inactivated
requires time
what is passive immunization?
transfer of immunity to a host using pre-formed immunologic products like immunoglobulins or products of the cellular immune system like interferons immediate use (good for post-exposure)
vaccines with sub-unit antigens
include the “parts” that best stimulate immune responses
conjugated vaccines
pathogens are surrounded by a polysaccharide capsule and are immunogenic (increases immune response)
live attenuated vaccines
version of microbe weakened in a lab; not if immunocompromised or if they have received blood products in past 11 months
inactivated/killed vaccines
organism is carefully killed, immunogenicity is retained
inactivated toxins (toxoids)
when diseases is caused by toxin produced by bacteria, not the bacteria itself
live vaccine examples
MMR, varicella, rotavirus, influenza, zoster (shingles)
toxoid vaccine examples
tetanus, diphtheria
Inactivated or killed, non-conjugate examples
hepatitis A, polio, rabies
