Pediatric Imaging

Question 0

Indications for pediatric imaging

Answer 0

Congenital anomalies/syndrome
Infectious process
Tumors
Trauma

Question 1

Principle of Radiation

Answer 1

ALARA as low as reasonably achievable radiation dose

Question 2

Most frequently performed radiological study in children

Answer 2

Chest x Ray

Question 3

Check for mediastinal and lung base lesions and localization of lesions seen in frontal view

Answer 3

Lateral view

Question 4

Most common cause of asymmetry in translucency of the two lungs

Answer 4

Rotation

Question 5

Ski folds between baby and cassette may mimic

Answer 5

Pneumothorax

Question 6

Resulting from interdigitation of thymic tissue in the intercostal spaces

Answer 6

Sail sign/ wavy margins

Question 7

Most common cause of widening of mediastinum

Answer 7

Thymus gland

Question 8

Presenting a straight course at the right side of the thoracolumbar spine

Answer 8

Umbilical venous catheter

Question 9

Complex substance composed of phospholipids, protein, and neutral lipids

Answer 9

Surfactant

Question 10

Other diseases also produce hyaline membrane

Answer 10

Meconium aspiration

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Question 11

Other name HMD

Answer 11

Respiratory distress syndrome of newborn

Question 12

Imaging. Diffuse ground glass or finely granular apperance

Answer 12

HMD

Question 13

True or false. HMD has hyperinflation

Answer 13

False. Hypo inflation

Question 14

HMD treatment

Answer 14

Positive end-expiratory pressure
Continuous positive airway pressure
Surfactant administered by endotracheal tube
Oxygen and diuretics

Question 15

Complications arise from treatment HMD

Answer 15

Pulmonary interstitial emphysema
Worsening opacification
Chronic complication

Question 16

Common cause is administration of oxygen under positive pressure

Answer 16

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Question 17

Imaging finding. Coarse, irregular, rope like linear densities represent atelectasia or fibrosis

Answer 17

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Question 18

Honey comb appearance

Answer 18

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Question 19

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia complications

Answer 19

Sudden death infant
Pulmonary arterial HPN
Inc. risk of pulmonary infection
Development of asthma

Question 20

Usually full term or slightly preterm

Mild respiratory distress immediately after birth

Answer 20

Transient tachypnea of newborn

Question 21

Imaging finding. Hyperinflation of lungs, fluid in the fissures, laminar effusions, fuzzy vessels

Answer 21

Transient tachypnea of newborn

Question 22

True or false. Hyperaeration is typical in Transient tachypnea of newborn

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Transient tachypnea of newborn treatment

Answer 23

Oxygen
Maintenance of body temp
Improvement generally occurs w/in 24 hours

Question 24

Most common cause of respiratory distress syndrome in full term/ postmature infant

Answer 24

Meconium aspiration syndrome

Question 25

Diffuse "ropey" densities (similar BPD) Hyperinflation of lungs No air bronchogram

Answer 25

Meconium aspiration syndrome

Question 26

Infection either intrauterine or during delivery Most are bacterial in origin Grp A beta non-hemolytic streptococci Now E. coli

Answer 26

Neonatal pneumonia

Question 27

Non febrile Metabolic acidosis Septicemia and shock

Answer 27

Neonatal pneumonia

Question 28

Diffuse relatively homogenous infiltrates resembling ground glass appearance of HMD a

Answer 28

Neonatal pneumonia

Question 29

Most often at the level of ileocecal junction in a neonate

Answer 29

Meconium ileus

Question 30

Almost all pt with cystic fibrosis has Meconium ileus and 10-15% pt with Meconium ileus has cystic fibrosis

Answer 30

False.

Question 31

Frothy or soap bubble pattern bowel gas in RLQ a

Answer 31

Meconium ileus

Question 32

Treatment in Meconium ileus

Answer 32

Barium enema | Surgery

Question 33

Absence in continuity of esophagus due to an inappropriate division of the primitive foregut into trachea and esophagus leads to

Answer 33

Esophageal atresia

Question 34

Incomplete separation of the esophagus from the laryngotracheal tube results

Answer 34

Tracheoesophageal fistula

Question 35

Most common congenital anomaly of the esophagus

Answer 35

Esophageal atresia

Question 36

No air-bubble in the stomach or bowel loops

Answer 36

Isolated esophageal atresia

Question 37

Late in diagnosis due to fistula long and direct upwards. Otherwise there is aspiration pneumonia due to aspiration of food in the lungs.

Answer 37

Isolated fistula H-type

Question 38

aspiration pneumonia, distension of bowel loops

Answer 38

Double fistula with esophaguel atresia

Question 39

Commonest cause of fetal bowel obstruction

Answer 39

Duodenal atresia

Question 40

Idiopathic thickening of the gastric pyloric musculature,progressive gastric outlet obstruction,first week to 3months of age

Answer 40

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Question 42

May appear duplicated due to puckering of mucosa

Answer 42

Double track sign

Question 43

Pylorus indents the contrast filled antrum

Answer 43

Shoulder sign

Question 44

Base of the duodenal bulb

Answer 44

Mushroom sign

Question 45

Entrance of pylorus may be beak shaped

Answer 45

Beak sign

Question 46

Elongated pylorus with narrow lumen

Answer 46

String sign