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DI E7 > Pediatric Imaging > Flashcards

Pediatric Imaging Flashcards

0
Q

Indications for pediatric imaging

A

Congenital anomalies/syndrome
Infectious process
Tumors
Trauma

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1
Q

Principle of Radiation

A

ALARA as low as reasonably achievable radiation dose

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2
Q

Most frequently performed radiological study in children

A

Chest x Ray

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3
Q

Check for mediastinal and lung base lesions and localization of lesions seen in frontal view

A

Lateral view

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4
Q

Most common cause of asymmetry in translucency of the two lungs

A

Rotation

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5
Q

Ski folds between baby and cassette may mimic

A

Pneumothorax

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6
Q

Resulting from interdigitation of thymic tissue in the intercostal spaces

A

Sail sign/ wavy margins

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7
Q

Most common cause of widening of mediastinum

A

Thymus gland

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8
Q

Presenting a straight course at the right side of the thoracolumbar spine

A

Umbilical venous catheter

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9
Q

Complex substance composed of phospholipids, protein, and neutral lipids

A

Surfactant

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10
Q

Other diseases also produce hyaline membrane

A

Meconium aspiration

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

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11
Q

Other name HMD

A

Respiratory distress syndrome of newborn

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12
Q

Imaging. Diffuse ground glass or finely granular apperance

A

HMD

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13
Q

True or false. HMD has hyperinflation

A

False. Hypo inflation

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14
Q

HMD treatment

A

Positive end-expiratory pressure
Continuous positive airway pressure
Surfactant administered by endotracheal tube
Oxygen and diuretics

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15
Q

Complications arise from treatment HMD

A

Pulmonary interstitial emphysema
Worsening opacification
Chronic complication

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16
Q

Common cause is administration of oxygen under positive pressure

A

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

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17
Q

Imaging finding. Coarse, irregular, rope like linear densities represent atelectasia or fibrosis

A

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

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18
Q

Honey comb appearance

A

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

19
Q

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia complications

A

Sudden death infant
Pulmonary arterial HPN
Inc. risk of pulmonary infection
Development of asthma

20
Q

Usually full term or slightly preterm

Mild respiratory distress immediately after birth

A

Transient tachypnea of newborn

21
Q

Imaging finding. Hyperinflation of lungs, fluid in the fissures, laminar effusions, fuzzy vessels

A

Transient tachypnea of newborn

22
Q

True or false. Hyperaeration is typical in Transient tachypnea of newborn

23
Q

Transient tachypnea of newborn treatment

A

Oxygen
Maintenance of body temp
Improvement generally occurs w/in 24 hours

24
Q

Most common cause of respiratory distress syndrome in full term/ postmature infant

A

Meconium aspiration syndrome

25
Q

Diffuse “ropey” densities (similar BPD)
Hyperinflation of lungs
No air bronchogram

A

Meconium aspiration syndrome

26
Q

Infection either intrauterine or during delivery
Most are bacterial in origin
Grp A beta non-hemolytic streptococci
Now E. coli

A

Neonatal pneumonia

27
Q

Non febrile
Metabolic acidosis
Septicemia and shock

A

Neonatal pneumonia

28
Q

Diffuse relatively homogenous infiltrates resembling ground glass appearance of HMD a

A

Neonatal pneumonia

29
Q

Most often at the level of ileocecal junction in a neonate

A

Meconium ileus

30
Q

Almost all pt with cystic fibrosis has Meconium ileus and 10-15% pt with Meconium ileus has cystic fibrosis

31
Q

Frothy or soap bubble pattern bowel gas in RLQ a

A

Meconium ileus

32
Q

Treatment in Meconium ileus

A

Barium enema

Surgery

33
Q

Absence in continuity of esophagus due to an inappropriate division of the primitive foregut into trachea and esophagus leads to

A

Esophageal atresia

34
Q

Incomplete separation of the esophagus from the laryngotracheal tube results

A

Tracheoesophageal fistula

35
Q

Most common congenital anomaly of the esophagus

A

Esophageal atresia

36
Q

No air-bubble in the stomach or bowel loops

A

Isolated esophageal atresia

37
Q

Late in diagnosis due to fistula long and direct upwards. Otherwise there is aspiration pneumonia due to aspiration of food in the lungs.

A

Isolated fistula H-type

38
Q

aspiration pneumonia, distension of bowel loops

A

Double fistula with esophaguel atresia

39
Q

Commonest cause of fetal bowel obstruction

A

Duodenal atresia

40
Q

Idiopathic thickening of the gastric pyloric musculature,progressive gastric outlet obstruction,first week to 3months of age

A

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

42
Q

May appear duplicated due to puckering of mucosa

A

Double track sign

43
Q

Pylorus indents the contrast filled antrum

A

Shoulder sign

44
Q

Base of the duodenal bulb

A

Mushroom sign

45
Q

Entrance of pylorus may be beak shaped

46
Q

Elongated pylorus with narrow lumen

A

String sign

DI E7 (3 decks)

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