Gravid Uterus And Fetus

Question 0

For targeted imaging

Answer 0

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Question 1

Best imaging modality used routinely to evaluate gravid uterus.

Answer 1

Ultrasound

Question 2

Comprehensive examination

Answer 2

Level I

Question 3

Confirm abnormalities seen in level I scan

Targeted or specialized or imaging for fetal anomaly

Answer 3

Level II

Question 4

Special transducer for the examination
Earliest detection of intrauterine pregnancy
Best method for imaging 1st trimester of pregnancy

Answer 4

Transvaginal

Question 5

Requires urinary bladder to be full

Best method for imaging 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy

Answer 5

Trans abdominal

Question 6

Implantation of conceptus occurs usually in the fundal region of the uterus

Answer 6

between day 20-day 23 of menstrual cycle

Question 7

Seen on endovaginal examination by 4-4.5 weeks after the last menstrual period.
Fertilized ovum implants into the decidualized endometrium.
Gestational sac burros into the endometrium.
Echogenic ring is seen eccentric to the linear interface of endometrial surfaces.

Answer 7

Intradecidual Sac Sign (IDDS)

Question 8

Earliest sign seen on transabdominal examination
-two echogenic rings are seen within the endometrial cavity
Used to differentiate between intrauterine pregnancy and decidual cast of ectopic pregnancy

Answer 8

Double Decidual Sac Sign

Question 9

Outer ring- decidual lining of the uterine cavity

Answer 9

Decidua parietalls

Question 10

Inner ring- covering free margin of gestational sac

Answer 10

Decidua capsularis

Question 11

Decidua basal is and chorlonic frondosum form the placenta

Answer 11

Decidua basalis

Question 12

Presence of yolk sac within a gestational sac confirms

Answer 12

Intrauterine pregnancy

Question 13

Yolk sac should be visible on transvaginal ultrasound by the time the mean sac diameter (MSD) of gestational sac is ?

Answer 13

8 mm

Question 14

Non-visualization of yolk sac in presence of embryo demonstrable by endovaginal ultrasound is associated with ?

Answer 14

Intrauterine embryonic demise or missed abortion

Question 15

First seen as a focal thickening of the yolk sac

Answer 15

Development of embryo

Question 16

Embryo

Answer 16

Diamond ring sign

Question 17

Earliest demonstration of Amninon

Double bleb formed by - yolk sac and amniotic sac

Answer 17

Double BLEB sign

Question 18

Visualization of amnion without embryo is usually sign of ?

Answer 18

Intrauterine embryonic death

Question 19

Becomes visible at 6 weeks when CRL of embryo is 2 mm

Answer 19

Amnion

Question 20

Amnion, chorion, and embryo seen

Answer 20

Early signs of Pregnancy

Question 21

Used for estimation of gestational age

Answer 21

Date early pregnancy before embryo is visible

Date age of gestation from 4-6 weeks

Question 22

Measured in three orthogonal planes

Answer 22

(Length +AP+ transverse) / 3

Question 23

Measured from top of the head to bottom of the torso of the visualized embryo or fetus

Answer 23

Crown-Rump length

Question 24

More accurate indicator of gestational age than MSD

Answer 24

Crown-rump length

Question 25

Affected by shape of fetal head Maximum diameter of a transverse section of the fetal skull at the level of the parietal eminences -level of paired thalami and cavum septum pellucidum Measurement is taken from outer edge of near cranium to inner edge of far cranium

Answer 25

Biparietal Diameter

Question 26

Rugby-football-shaped skull

Answer 26

Thalami view

Question 27

Reflects growth of fetal head( together with BPD) Measured on same axial plane as BPD Perimeter measurement of fetal cranium

Answer 27

Head circumference (HC)

Question 28

Length of the outer perimeter of fetal abdomen measured at the level of stomach and intrahepatic portion of the umbilical vein

Answer 28

Abdominal circumference (AC)

Question 29

Placing the calipers on the outer borders of the widest part of the fetal abdomen at 90* to the APAD

Answer 29

Transverse abdominal

Question 30

Slightly curved echogenic structure that produces an acoustic shadow

Answer 30

Femoral shaft

Question 31

Spike on one end of the shaft | Not included in measurement

Answer 31

Femoral epiphysis

Question 32

Uniform moderate echogenicity | Smooth chorionic plate without indentations

Answer 32

Grade 0

Question 33

Subtle indentations of chorionic plate | Small, diffuse calcifications

Answer 33

Grade 1

Question 34

Larger indentations along chorionic plate | Larger calcifications in a dot-dash configuration along the basilar plate

Answer 34

Grade 2

Question 35

Complete indentations of chorionic plate through to the basilar plate creating cotyledons

Answer 35

Grade 3

Question 36

Produced by fetal kidneys and removed by fetal swallowing & subsequent absorption by the fetal bowel

Answer 36

Amniotic fluid volume

Question 37

Decreased fetal biometry (abdominal circumference) | Echogenic bowel, mild cardiomegaly and abnormal uteroplacental/fetal Doppler

Answer 37

Uteroplacental insufficiency

Question 38

Maternal history of persistent vaginal loss & dampness

Answer 38

Amniotic membrane rupture

Question 39

Bilateral renal agenesis, polycystic kidney disease, multi cystic Dysplasia and bladder outflow obstruction

Answer 39

Abnormal fetal Renal function

Question 40

Physiological polydramnios Only complication Premature delivery due to uterine overdistention

Answer 40

Idiopathic polyhydramnios

Question 41

Separate placentas Separate chorlonic sacs Separate amniotic sac Always diamniotic dichorionic twins

Answer 41

Dizygotic twins

Question 42

Most common | Each twins has its own chorionic and amniotic sacs

Answer 42

Dichorionic diamniotic twins

Question 43

Triangular peak of chorion extending from the placenta into the inter-twin membrane

Answer 43

Twin-peak (lambda) sign

Question 44

At the point of insertion of the membrane dividing the twin pair of placenta

Answer 44

Delta of lambda sign