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DI E7 > Gravid Uterus And Fetus > Flashcards

Gravid Uterus And Fetus Flashcards

0
Q

For targeted imaging

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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1
Q

Best imaging modality used routinely to evaluate gravid uterus.

A

Ultrasound

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2
Q

Comprehensive examination

A

Level I

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3
Q

Confirm abnormalities seen in level I scan

Targeted or specialized or imaging for fetal anomaly

A

Level II

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4
Q

Special transducer for the examination
Earliest detection of intrauterine pregnancy
Best method for imaging 1st trimester of pregnancy

A

Transvaginal

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5
Q

Requires urinary bladder to be full

Best method for imaging 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy

A

Trans abdominal

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6
Q

Implantation of conceptus occurs usually in the fundal region of the uterus

A

between day 20-day 23 of menstrual cycle

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7
Q

Seen on endovaginal examination by 4-4.5 weeks after the last menstrual period.
Fertilized ovum implants into the decidualized endometrium.
Gestational sac burros into the endometrium.
Echogenic ring is seen eccentric to the linear interface of endometrial surfaces.

A

Intradecidual Sac Sign (IDDS)

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8
Q

Earliest sign seen on transabdominal examination
-two echogenic rings are seen within the endometrial cavity
Used to differentiate between intrauterine pregnancy and decidual cast of ectopic pregnancy

A

Double Decidual Sac Sign

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9
Q

Outer ring- decidual lining of the uterine cavity

A

Decidua parietalls

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10
Q

Inner ring- covering free margin of gestational sac

A

Decidua capsularis

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11
Q

Decidua basal is and chorlonic frondosum form the placenta

A

Decidua basalis

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12
Q

Presence of yolk sac within a gestational sac confirms

A

Intrauterine pregnancy

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13
Q

Yolk sac should be visible on transvaginal ultrasound by the time the mean sac diameter (MSD) of gestational sac is ?

A

8 mm

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14
Q

Non-visualization of yolk sac in presence of embryo demonstrable by endovaginal ultrasound is associated with ?

A

Intrauterine embryonic demise or missed abortion

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15
Q

First seen as a focal thickening of the yolk sac

A

Development of embryo

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16
Q

Embryo

A

Diamond ring sign

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17
Q

Earliest demonstration of Amninon

Double bleb formed by - yolk sac and amniotic sac

A

Double BLEB sign

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18
Q

Visualization of amnion without embryo is usually sign of ?

A

Intrauterine embryonic death

19
Q

Becomes visible at 6 weeks when CRL of embryo is 2 mm

A

Amnion

20
Q

Amnion, chorion, and embryo seen

A

Early signs of Pregnancy

21
Q

Used for estimation of gestational age

A

Date early pregnancy before embryo is visible

Date age of gestation from 4-6 weeks

22
Q

Measured in three orthogonal planes

A

(Length +AP+ transverse) / 3

23
Q

Measured from top of the head to bottom of the torso of the visualized embryo or fetus

A

Crown-Rump length

24
Q

More accurate indicator of gestational age than MSD

A

Crown-rump length

25
Q

Affected by shape of fetal head
Maximum diameter of a transverse section of the fetal skull at the level of the parietal eminences
-level of paired thalami and cavum septum pellucidum
Measurement is taken from outer edge of near cranium to inner edge of far cranium

A

Biparietal Diameter

26
Q

Rugby-football-shaped skull

A

Thalami view

27
Q

Reflects growth of fetal head( together with BPD)
Measured on same axial plane as BPD
Perimeter measurement of fetal cranium

A

Head circumference (HC)

28
Q

Length of the outer perimeter of fetal abdomen measured at the level of stomach and intrahepatic portion of the umbilical vein

A

Abdominal circumference (AC)

29
Q

Placing the calipers on the outer borders of the widest part of the fetal abdomen at 90* to the APAD

A

Transverse abdominal

30
Q

Slightly curved echogenic structure that produces an acoustic shadow

A

Femoral shaft

31
Q

Spike on one end of the shaft

Not included in measurement

A

Femoral epiphysis

32
Q

Uniform moderate echogenicity

Smooth chorionic plate without indentations

A

Grade 0

33
Q

Subtle indentations of chorionic plate

Small, diffuse calcifications

A

Grade 1

34
Q

Larger indentations along chorionic plate

Larger calcifications in a dot-dash configuration along the basilar plate

A

Grade 2

35
Q

Complete indentations of chorionic plate through to the basilar plate creating cotyledons

A

Grade 3

36
Q

Produced by fetal kidneys and removed by fetal swallowing & subsequent absorption by the fetal bowel

A

Amniotic fluid volume

37
Q

Decreased fetal biometry (abdominal circumference)

Echogenic bowel, mild cardiomegaly and abnormal uteroplacental/fetal Doppler

A

Uteroplacental insufficiency

38
Q

Maternal history of persistent vaginal loss & dampness

A

Amniotic membrane rupture

39
Q

Bilateral renal agenesis, polycystic kidney disease, multi cystic Dysplasia and bladder outflow obstruction

A

Abnormal fetal Renal function

40
Q

Physiological polydramnios
Only complication
Premature delivery due to uterine overdistention

A

Idiopathic polyhydramnios

41
Q

Separate placentas
Separate chorlonic sacs
Separate amniotic sac
Always diamniotic dichorionic twins

A

Dizygotic twins

42
Q

Most common

Each twins has its own chorionic and amniotic sacs

A

Dichorionic diamniotic twins

43
Q

Triangular peak of chorion extending from the placenta into the inter-twin membrane

A

Twin-peak (lambda) sign

44
Q

At the point of insertion of the membrane dividing the twin pair of placenta

A

Delta of lambda sign

DI E7 (3 decks)

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