Pediatric Growth & Development

Question 1

Failure to Thrive

Answer 1

weight per age < 5th percentile on multiple occasions
weight deceleration that crosses two major percentile lines on the chart

Question 2

FTT - Treatment

Answer 2

breastfeed more often, lactation support, formula supplementation

more concentrated formulas for formula-fed infants

avoid juice/ cow milk
add rice cereal to foods

Question 3

Extremely Low Birth Weight

Answer 3

< 1000 g

Question 4

Very Low Birth Weight

Answer 4

< 1500 g

Question 5

Low Birth Weight

Answer 5

1500-2500 g

Question 6

Normal Birth Weight

Answer 6

2500-3999 g

Question 7

High Birth Weight

Answer 7

4000 g or more

Question 8

Breast Milk - Caloric Content

Answer 8

20 kcal / oz

Question 9

Breastfeeding - Benefits

Answer 9

decreases risk of:
URTI
UTI
necrotizing colitis
meningitis
sepsis
SIDS
DM
cancer
asthma
obesity

Question 10

Energy Requirements - Male Children

Answer 10

107 kcal/kg/day for 0-2 months
95 kcal/kg/day for 3 months
82 kcal/kg/day for 4-35 months

Question 11

Energy Requirements - Female Children

Answer 11

104 kcal/kg/day for 0-2 months
95 kcal/kg/day for 3 months
82 kcal/kg/day for 4-35 months

Question 12

Vitamin D Supplementation - Dosing

Answer 12

400 IU/day for all patients receiving < 1000 mL of vit D-fortified formula

Question 13

Fluoride Supplementation - Dosing

Answer 13

0.5 mg/day for infants > 6 months
only exclusively breastfed infants

Question 14

Iron Supplementation - Dosing for Breastfed Infants

Answer 14

full term: 1 mg/kg/day
pre-term: 2 mg/kg/day

Question 15

Iron Supplementation - Dosing for Formula-Fed Infants

Answer 15

full term: 1 mg/kg/day
pre-term: 2 mg/kg/day

Question 16

Gastroesophageal Reflux

Answer 16

passage of stomach contents into esophagus

common in infants; usually resolved by 12-14 months

Question 17

GERD

Answer 17

clinical symptoms that affect patient’s QOL:
heartburn, excessive regurgitation, food refusal, abdominal pain

Question 18

GERD - Complications

Answer 18

reflux esophagitis
hemorrhage
stricture
Barrett’s esophagus

Question 19

GERD - Nonpharmacological Treatment

Answer 19

parental reassurance
positional changes
dietary changes
change in volume and frequency of feeding
thickening the formula to increase caloric density

Question 20

GERD - Risk Factors

Answer 20

neurologic impairment
obesity
esophageal atresia
chronic lung disease
prematurity

Question 21

GERD - Signs

Answer 21

FTT
food refusal
apparent life-threatening event
recurrent pneumonia
dental erosions
reflux esophagitis

Question 23

GERD - PPI Therapy Duration

Answer 23

12 weeks
taper off over 4 weeks when complete