Pediatric Examination Flashcards
What are the three components of the examination?
Hx, Systems Review, tests and measures
What are the 3 purposes of the assessment?
Evaluative, Predictive, Discriminative
According to IDEA what are the definitions of evaluation and assessment?
Evaluation- the processes of examination and evaluation for eligibility for services
Assessment- for program planning purposes
What are some factors influencing examination?
Last time they ate, tired/time of day, age, health, amount of space you have, etc.
Reliability
Degree to which instrument produces consistent repeatable results . If a test is reliable, then most of the variation in scores among individuals will be due to true differences in ability
What should the reliability score of a test be?
.80 or higher
test-retest reliability
Stability over time. Same test given to ind. twice with an interval of time between.
Interrater Reliability
the amount of agreement between two persons interpreting the same test performance
Validity
Does the instrument measure what it is designed to measure? Can a meaningful interpretation be inferred from a measurement?
Construct validity
How well the instrument accurately represents the theoretical basis of the trait to be studied.
Content validity
Determines the extent to which the sample items in a test are representative of the total population - are items free of bias?
Types of criterion related validity
Concurrent validity, predictive validity
Concurrent validity
the extent which a test correlates with another well known and accepted test purported to measure the same trait
Predictive validity
performance on the test predicts some actual behavior
Sensitivity
Ability of the instrument to detect dysfunction/abnormality.
A test with high sensitivity will have few false negative scores
Specificity
Ability of the test to correctly identify those who do not have the disorder
A test with high specificity will have few false positive scores
Norm referenced tests
compares individual performance against group
maximizes differences among individuals
Criterion referenced tests
compares performance against a described standard
discriminates between successive performances of one individual
Z-score values
Mean = 0 SD = 1
T-score values
Mean = 50 SD = 10
Standard Error of Measurement (SEM)
Expected range of error for the test score
Denver II
screening tool, identifies children 2 weeks - 6 years at risk for developmental delays
assesses gross/fine motor, language and personal-social
ASQ-3
Ages and stages questionnaire, filled out by parent - identifies areas of concern.
Communication, gross/fine motor, problem solving, personal/social
birth-66 mo
What are motor tests used for?
to diagnose, to identify atypical development, to determine eligibility for services, usually norm-referenced- done once or infrequently
What are some motor tests?
Bayley Scales of infant/toddler development III, Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, BOT 2, AIMS, TIMP, TIMPSI
Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (PDMS)
Norm referenced. birth-5 yrs, assesses reflexes, stationary, locomotion, object manipulation, grasping, visual-motor, gross motor, fine motor.
Scoring scale allows for identification of emerging skills.
BOT 2
Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency . Norm referenced, aegs 4-21. assesses fone manual control, manual coordination, body coordination, strength and agility.
Assessment tools
done on ongoing basis. MAI, HELP, GMFM, SFA, pediatric balance scale
Functional tests
PEDI, Wee FIM
Quality of Life
PEDS-QL 23 items.
Areas to assess
Mobility Muscle and joint function Strength and endurance Cardiopulmonary status Posture and balance Oral motor skills & feeding Sensory & neuromotor development Use of assistive technology
