Adolescent Development

Question 1

When does adolescence begin?

Answer 1

Puberty to sexual maturity.

Question 2

Adolescent growth spurt

Answer 2

gain 15% of adult height & 48% of skeletal maturity. Important to have good dietary habits.

Question 3

When does the growth spurt start?

Answer 3

Girls: 9-14 (usually 10)
Boys: 11-16 (usually 12-13) –> accompanied by rapid increase in strength.

Question 4

How long does the growth spurt last?

Answer 4

up to 2 years

Question 5

What is muscle growth due to in adolescence?

Answer 5

increased production of androgenic hormones. Also play role in rapid bone growth and closure of epiphyseal plates.

Question 6

What is the first sign of puberty in girls? boys?

Answer 6

breast development.

Growth of testes and scrotum

Question 7

What are the primary signs of sexual maturity in girls? boys?

Answer 7

The onset of menarche. Usually 2 years after the beginning of breast development.
Presence of sperm in the urine.

Question 8

What are secondary sex characteristics?

Answer 8

physiological signs of puberty that are not directly involved with the reproductive organs.

Question 9

Secondary sex characteristics of girls

Answer 9

breasts, pubic hair, axillary hair, voice changes, skin changes, increased width/depth of pelvis

Question 10

Secondary sex characteristics of boys

Answer 10

facial hair, pubic hair, axillary hair, voice changes, skin changes, broadening of shoulders

Question 11

Maturational Staging (Tanners staging)

Answer 11

Males: stages 1-5, pubic hair/penis/scrotum
Females: 1-5, pubic hair/breasts

Question 12

How much physical activity should children/adolescents do each day?

Answer 12

1 hour or more: most should be moderate or vigorous intensity aerobic physical activity.
Mod/vig at least 3 days per week, muscle/bone strengthening at least 3 days per week.

Question 13

Some reasons for participation in activities

Answer 13

peers, self-esteem, fun/winning, social

Question 14

Factors that influence whether kid is physically active

Answer 14

parental activity, cost, body image

Question 15

Average caloric needs

Answer 15

Teenage girl - 2200

Teenage boy - 2800

Question 16

What are the most common mineral deficiencies?

Answer 16

calcium, zinc, iron

Question 17

Anorexia nervosa

Answer 17

.5% adolescent girls. decrease HR, can get dangerously low, heart palpitations, anemia, hair thin and brittle, irritable, brain not getting enough oxygen, osteoporosis, body fluids aren’t nutrient rich. Constipation, periods stop, cold easily, hair develops.

Question 18

Bulimia nervosa

Answer 18

1-2% binging and purging. Throat/nose/esophagus problems. Tooth erosion, ulcers, knuckle abrasions, low metabolites, irregular HB, pulse, BP etc.

Question 19

Female Athlete Triad Syndrome

Answer 19

Low energy availability, altered menstrual periods, osteoporosis.

Question 20

Other problems

Answer 20

Substance abuse, teenage pregnancy, violence