Pediatric Dysphagia Flashcards
How do you observe respiratory function?
Observe respiratory patterns at rest and during activity
When observing respiratory function what should you look for?
Belly breathing
Gulp breathing
Reverse breathing
Irregular/shallow breathing
T/F: should we recommend MBSS if sucking is not developed?
NO!
It usually develops in the ~38th week
When do we recommend MBSS in infants?
Reasons similar to adults: signs aspiration, reduced oral intake, prolonged period of time to complete meal
Distress during feeding (for cognitively impaired individuals)
During a multidisciplinary approach, who may be involved? (Hint: 8)
SLP RN LACTATION CONSULTANT DIETICIAN PEDIATRICIAN PT SOCIAL WORKER GASTROENTEROLOGIST
What are the 5 differences between swallowing in adults vs. kids?
Anatomy and physiology different
Infant has primitive reflexes and different oromotor feeding
Follow up should be frequent due to constant developmental changes
Equipments may vary with children
Parent/caregiving training is essential in creating better feeding
Which reflex is most important?
Rooting reflex- it elicits the infant to turn and open their mouth
When is the best time to observe breathing patterns?
Immediately after feeding
What do reflexes do?
The facilitate early feeding behaviors
Why do reflexes vanish with age?
In order for voluntary behavior to occur
What are the compensatory strategies used with infants?
Establishing optimal infant state/feeding readiness
Altering environment to support feeding
Establish optimal positioning
Alter consistency, temp., volume and taste of food, Change food utensils
Why are swallowing procedures for adults considered restorative and for infants considered facilitative?
Because adults swallowing have already been developed so we are trying to compensate for the changes
In infants, they haven’t developed so we are trying to facilitate them for the first time
Name some facilitative methods used in infants?
Establishing a nutritive suck External pacing/Est. an internal rhthym Oral stimulation programs Reducing oral aversion Develop chewing skills Address behavioral feeding disorders Oral motor tx
How do you prepare for feeding with infants?
Oral stimulation in infants can: Improve head position Improve mouth opening to accept breast/bottle Forward tongue posture over gum line Reduction of gag Sucking imitation Lip closure
What are some effects of respiration on sucking/swallowing?
Continuous sucking can affect O2 levels
Feeding can be disrupted due to respiratory tract issues:
- reduced patency
- hypopharyngeal compression due to position of structures
- normal neck flexion
- mandibular retraction that reduces pharyngeal space
- small laryngeal vestibule
