Pediatric Dermatology Flashcards by Vanessa Amabile

What is the treatment of neonatal acne?

2% ketoconazole cream and 1% hydrocortisone cream

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What is the monotherapy for acne?

Education
Salicylic acid
Retinoids
Topical antimicrobials
Consider hormone evaluation for ages 2-7 or physical signs of androgen excess

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What are the two retinoid medications used for acne?

Tretinoin and Adapalene

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What are the topical antimicrobials used for acne?

Benzoyl peroxide 2.5-10% concentrations

- Erythromycin, clindamycin —> best in combo with benzyol peroxide

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What is the systemic therapy for acne?

Triple therapy

- Oral antibiotics

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What does the triple therapy for acne consist of?

Oral antibiotic + benzoyl peroxide + topical retinoid

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What are the oral antibiotics for acne?

Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Minocycline

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What are some characteristics of non-bullous impetigo?

Small macule becomes papule, then vesicle that ruptures and develops honey-colored crust.

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What are some characteristics of bullous impetigo?

Minimal redness, bullous (blister like)

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What is the MCC of impetigo?

Staph Aureus

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What is a less common cause of impetigo?

Group A strep

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What is the classic triad of eczema?

Asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis

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Where is eczema distributed in infants?

Face and extensor surfaces (skin on the outside of the joint)

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Where is eczema distributed in children?

Face and flexor surfaces (skin on the side of a joint that folds)

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What is the MC atopic dermatitis?

Eczema

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What are s/sxs of Eczema?

Erythema
Scaling
Excoriation
Lichenification
Dry or weeping

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What is Pityriasis alba?

Eczema like rash, white spots

- treat like eczema

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What is Nummular eczema?

Patches, well defined boarders, spare the face

- treat like eczema

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How are common warts spread?

HPV (type 2 and 4)

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Where are common warts typically located and are they painful?

Hands, elbow, and knees

- painless

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What are Condyloma acuminata?

Genital/perianal warts

How is Condyloma acuminata spread?

Usually not sexual abuse in <3-5y (but always want to consider sexual abuse)
Vertical transmission (blood, during birth)
Caretaker contact, fomites

What is the MC type of HSV in the oral mucosa?

HSV 1

How is oral HSV spread?

Associated with viral etiology, often occurs early in childhood by contact with infected oral secretions of playmates or caretakers

What are the MC locations of seborrheic dermatitis?

Where sebaceous glands are most active | - body folds, face, scalp, and genitalia

Seborrheic dermatitis can manifest as what?

- Cradle cap, post auricular rash, and diaper rash in infants - Dandruff in adolescent

What is pityriasis rosea most commonly characterized as?

Herald patch (large oval plaque with central clearing and scaly border, then widespread symmetrical papular eruption on the trunk - Christmas tree pattern)

What is Molluscum contagiosum caused by?

DNA Poxvirus, this is a common viral disease of the skin and mucous membrane.

What is the MC clinical feature of Molluscum contagiosum?

Central umbilication = depression resembling umbilicus

What is scabies caused by?

Female mite burrows under the skin (anywhere) ---> mites, eggs, and feces trigger hypersensitivity reaction

What is the cause of Psoriasis?

- Auto-immune chronic inflammatory skin disorder, often triggered by infection (strep pharyngitis), stress, trauma.

What is the MC dermatological problem in infants and toddlers?

Diaper dermatitis/candidiasis

What is the cause of Diaper dermatitis/candidiasis?

Irritant (contact) dermatitis from local irritation by urine, feces, moisture, friction

What is tinea capitis?

Enlarging round area of hair breakage & loss, mild scaling, erythema, may have papules & pustules

What is tinea pedis?

"athletes foot" | Itching, peeling, maceration, web spaces and sub-digital areas

What is tinea versicolor?

Normal skin yeast that proliferates, causing macules with fine scaling & pigment changes, itching is minimal

What is cafe-au-lait associated with?

Associated with neurofibromatosis (necrosis)

Ash-leaf lesions are the first dermatological sign of what neurocutaneous disorder?

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)

What tool do you use to make ash-leaf lesions and headlice more visible?

Wood lamp

What are symptomatic or multiple hemangioma treated with?

Propanolol

What are two birthmarks that have the potential to develop into malignancy?

- Congenital melanocytic nevus | - Nevus sebaceous

Port-wine stain is associated with what syndrome?

Sturge-weber syndrome

Steven-johnson syndrome involves parts of the body?

Mucosal involvement (eyes, oral, airway, GI, GU)

Steven-johnson syndrome often proceeds what?

Proceeds flu like illness, drug exposure or mycoplasma pneumonia infection

What dermatological condition may be associated with systemic disease: type 2 DM?

- Acanthosis Nigricans | - Vitiligo

What is Telogen effluvium?

- Diffused hair loss 1-3 mos after stressful event

What are the causes of cellulitis?

Staph Strep Hib (sometimes)

S/sx of cellulitis?

``` Break in the skin redness warmth swelling tender F/C LAD ```

Tx for cellulitis?

Clindamycin, TMP-SMZ, Vanco | If no mrsa: cephalexin, ceftriaxone

What is erysipelas?

Form of cellulitis but more superficial, rapidly advancing, infection ---> caused by group A step (tx clinda)