Pediatric Cancers Flashcards
Cancers in Children vs. Adults?
- Frequency
- Cancer Type/Differentiation/Rate of growth
- Chemosensitivity
Most common childhood cancers in Ireland?
- Leukaemia
- Brain Tumour
- Lymphoma
Most common extra-cranial solid tumor of children?
Neuroblastoma
Neuroblastoma Location/Symptoms?
Neuroblastic Tumors (Maturity/Malignancy)
Immature = Malignant
Mature = Benign
Myc-N amplification (HSR) has a role in the prognosis of which Pediatric Tumour?
- Diploid - ________
- Triploid/pentaploid - _________
- Gain of 17q - __________
- Gain whole chr 17 - ___________
- 1p deletion - ____________
- 11q deletion - ___________
How is this Detected?
Neuroblastoma
- Diploid - poor
- Triploid/pentaploid - good
- Gain of 17q - poor
- Gain whole chr 17 - good
- 1p deletion - poor
- 11q deletion - poor
Detected w/ FISH
Mutations that can lead to Neuroblastoma?
Myc-N amplification (HSR)
ALK mutation (Familial Neuroblastoma)
– Small percentage of NB (<10%)
– Basis of familial NB
– Mutations rather than translocations
– Responsive to Crizotinib (xalkori): ALK kinase inhibitor already in use for adult lung cancer
Drug to treat Neuroblastomas caused by ALK Mutation?
Crizotinib: ALK kinase inhibitor already in use for adult lung cancer
Most frequent soft tissue tumour of childhood, 60% of which are sarcomas
Genetic Signatures of various classes of Rhabdomyosarcoma
Most common renal tumor of childhood?
Clinical and genetic associations?
What conditions are Nephrogenic Rests associated with?
Disease responsible for 80% of malignant liver tumors in young children (<5)
Syndromes associated with?
Genetics and Clinical Presentation of Hepatoblastoma?
Tumor affecting long bones (femur, tibia, humerus) of adolescents?
Genetics?
Multi-system disease affecting the skin, bone, nodes, liver, lung, GI,
CNS with Diabetes insipidus.
Diagnosis/Treatment?
Tumour affecting the kidney during the first year of life.
Genetics?
Tumour with a male predilection that arises in the extremities, especially distal portions.
Genetics?
Primitive tumor of childhood which can result in Pneumothorax, Pneumonia, empyema and weight loss?
Genetics?
Pleuropulmonary Blastoma (PPB)
Benign neoplasm of children under 4 associated with DICER mutations and PPB familial tumour syndrome
Cystic Nephroma
Tumor affecting children <1 with a very poor prognosis.
Genetics?
Malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney
SMARCB1 expression lost in tumour
Differences between targets of RNA and DNA Next-Generation Sequencing?
