PEDIATRIC AUDIOMETRY (AB) Flashcards
What are the four categories of pediatric audiometry?
Behavioral Observation Audiometry, Play Audiometry, Speech Audiometry, Objective Audiometry
Why is early identification of hearing impairment in children critical?
It is essential for normal development of speech, language communication, personal and family relationships, and intellectual and educational achievement.
At what age should a child be learning to talk, indicating normal hearing development?
By the age of 12-18 months.
What is the incidence of congenital hearing loss in the Philippines?
Approximately 1 in every 10,000 live births.
What stimuli are used in Behavioral Observation Audiometry for newborns to 6-month-old infants?
Drums (low frequency), horns and whistles (middle-frequency), squeaker toys (high frequency), and neometer providing a 3000 Hz warble tone.
What are some observable responses in infants during Behavioral Observation Audiometry?
Moro or startle reflex, palpebral reflex, eye widening, facial grimace, cessation of activity, deep inspiration, increased body movement, eyes or head-turning.
At what age does localization of sound become more accurate in infants?
At 4 to 6 months.
What is the minimal stimulus to elicit a response in newborns?
80 to 90 dB.
What audiometry technique is suitable for children aged 2 to 4 years old?
Play Audiometry.
In Play Audiometry, what is the child conditioned to do upon hearing a sound?
The child is conditioned to put an object in a specific place when he or she hears a sound.
What is the Verbal Auditory Screening for Children (VASC)?
It offers recorded two-syllable words at progressively lower intensities to a previously determined low fence intensity level for screening.
What is the most popular objective audiometry test due to its simplicity?
Impedance audiometry, specifically the stapedial reflex test.
What does Evoked Response Audiometry sample?
It samples the electrical activity of the auditory nervous system.
What are some factors that increase the possibility of congenital hearing loss?
Family history of childhood deafness, suspected maternal rubella, structural abnormalities of the external ear, cleft lip or palate, bifid uvula, bilirubin above 20 mg/100ml or history of exchange transfusion, birth weight below 1500 gm.
What is Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry (BERA) used for?
It is used for threshold testing in infants, young children, and malingerers, determining brain activity, diagnosing acoustic neurinomas, and diagnosing brainstem lesions.
What stimuli are used in BERA?
A series of rapid clicks (25+ per second).
Which wave in BERA corresponds to the auditory nerve and appears 2 msec after the stimulus?
Wave I.
Which wave in BERA corresponds to the inferior colliculus and appears 5.9 msec after the stimulus?
Wave V.
According to the 1973 Joint Committee on Newborn Screening, what is the incidence of congenital hearing loss?
1 in 10,000-50,000 live births.
What does Republic Act 9709, also known as the Universal Newborn Hearing Screening and Intervention Act of 2009, mandate?
It requires that all children should be screened for congenital hearing loss.
What is Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE) Testing used for?
It measures the physiologic energy release from the basilar membrane, indicating hearing function.
What is the purpose of the cross-check principle in pediatric audiology?
To verify hearing loss by using multiple assessment methods to confirm findings.
What is the recommended interval between signals in Behavioral Observation Audiometry to prevent habituation?
An interval of 45 to 60 seconds between signals is preferred.
At what age do infants typically exhibit the Moro or startle reflex in response to sound?
8 to 10 weeks.
