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NBCOT Exam Prep > Pediatric Assessment and Intervention > Flashcards

Pediatric Assessment and Intervention Flashcards

1
Q

bradydysrhythmia

A

abnormally slow heart rate (

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2
Q

tachydysrhythmia

A

abnormally fast heart rate (>200-300 beats/min)

can lead to CHF

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3
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

decreased energy for daily tasks

pain and require intervention for pain management

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4
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta

A

brittle bones

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5
Q

marfans syndrome

A

excessive growth at the epiphyseal plates
long slender fingers, skull symmetries, tall stature.
hypermobile joints and poorly developed striated muscles

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6
Q

achondroplasia

A

stunting of epiphyseal plate growth and cartilage formation.
usually grow 4 feet or less in height
limbs have typical width but shorter in length

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7
Q

arthrogryposis multiplex congenital

A

incomplete contracture of many joints.
stiff spindly extremities and the appearance of thickened knee and elbow joints. their muscles may be underdeveloped and may experience paralysis.

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8
Q

club hand

A

partial or full absence of the radius and bowing of the ulnar shaft

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9
Q

polydactyly

A

a person has excess fingers or toes

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10
Q

syndactyly

A

webbing occurs between the fingers or toes

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11
Q

bradydactyly

A

overly large digits

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12
Q

microdactyly

A

overaly small digits

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13
Q

amelia

A

absence of a limb or distal segments of a limb

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14
Q

pauciarticular JRA

A

less than 5 joints involved

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15
Q

polyarticular JRA

A

more than 5 joints involved

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16
Q

systemic JRA

A

polyarticular and organ involvement is present. hight fever, rash, anorexia, elevated white blood count .

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17
Q

complete fracture

A

the bone is broken into many splintered pieces

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18
Q

comminuted fracture

A

the broken bone leads to an external wound at the site of the fracture and bone often protrudes through the skin

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19
Q

epiphyseal fracture

A

the break occurs between the shaft of the bone and the epiphysis. this only occurs in peds clients

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20
Q

greenstick fracture

A

the bone is partially broken and partially bent. only occurs in children

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21
Q

lordosis

A

anteroposterior curvature directed posteriorly. lumbar region
secondary to anterior pelvic tilt

tx: stretching tight hip flexors, strengthening abs, postural training, back bracing

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22
Q

kyphosis

A

upper back

tx: postural training, strengthening, milwaukee brace, anterior spinal release and posterior spinal fusion.

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23
Q

scoliosis curves

A

mild

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24
Q

scoliosis curves >40 degrees

A

result in permanent deformity

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25
Q

curves of 65-80 degrees

A

result in reduced camrdiopulm. function

tx: boston brace
thoracolumbosacral orthotic

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26
Q

hemiplegia

A

affects UE and LE on one side of the body.

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27
Q

quadriplegia

A

also tetraplegia. affect UE and LE on BOTH sides of the body

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28
Q

diplegia

A

quadriplegia with mild UE involvement and significant involvement of the LE

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29
Q

spasticity

A

increased flexor or extensor tone

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30
Q

athetosis

A

punctuation of tone from low to normal with little spasticity

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31
Q

choreoathetosis

A

constant fluctuations from low to high tone without contractions typically appears as jerky movements

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32
Q

flaccidity

A

marked low tone (usually progress to spasticity)

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33
Q

ataxia

A

tone usually within the normal range but involving lower-extremity flexion patterns

34
Q

stabismus

A

eye alignment deviation

35
Q

nystagmus

A

reflexive back-and forth mvmt of the eyes when the head moves

36
Q

dysarthria

A

difficulty pronouncing or articulating words

37
Q

tonic clonic seizure

A

most frequent type; the person experiences a sensation that the seizure is about to begin. usually follow by a loss of consciousness and rhythmic clonic contractions. the seizure may last as long as 5 min.

38
Q

absence seizures

A

a brief lapse or loss of awareness along with the absence of motor activity. lasts 30 sec. or longer may be mistaken for daydreaming

39
Q

cyclonic seizures

A

contractions of single muscles or muscle groups

40
Q

akinetic seizures

A

loss of muscle tone for more than 30 min

41
Q

status epilectus

A

extended seizures prompt medical intervention needed to maintain body functions and hydration

42
Q

complex partial seizures

A

originiate in the temporal lobe and appear as lip smacking, chewing, or buttoning and unbuttoning clothing. similar to absence seizures

43
Q

simple partial seizures

A

originate in the motor cortez and results in clonic activity of the face or extremities. may experience visual or auditory hallucinations or olfactory sensations .

44
Q

facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (MD)

A

affects face, upper arms, scap region. sloped shoulders and limited ability to raise arms above head. manlike appearance in face

45
Q

duchennes MD

A

most common form. affecting only boys
enlarged muscles and a positive GOWER’s sign

have difficulty going up and down the stairs and getting up from a lying down position. progress quickly and wheelchair by age 9. die near their 20s as a result of respiratory problems or cardiovascular complications.

46
Q

congenital MD aka (CMD)

A

onset in utero or during the 1st year of life. brain involvement is apparent along with neuromuscular functioning. It is characterized by hypotonia, generalized weakness, and contractures.

47
Q

CMD 1

A

does no involve severe intellectual functioning

48
Q

CMD 2

A

involves muscle and brain abnormalities

49
Q

CMD 3

A

involves muscle, brain, and eye abnormalities

50
Q

CMD 4

A

involves muscle, brain, and eye abnormalities.

51
Q

encephalocele

A

a protrusion in the occipital region of the brain. typically associated with severe deficits such as cognitive impairments, hydrocephalus, motor impairments and seizures.

52
Q

anecephaly

A

neural development above the level of the brain stem is lacking. do not survive infancy.

53
Q

spina bifida

A

the most common type of neural tube defect. mild form is spina bidifa occult and no symptoms may be present.

54
Q

myclomeningocele

A

most severe form of spina bifida. children usually display sensorimotor problems at or below the level of lesion. LE paralysis and loss of sensation is common. complications include hydrocephalus and arnold-chiari syndrome

55
Q

erb-duchenne palsy

A

caused by an injury to the upper brachial plexus (the C5 and C6 nerve fibers, such as extreme sh. flexion (with arm overhead).

weakness or wasting of the small muscles of the hands and sensory discrimination in the hand and arm. typically unilateral

looks like waiters tip position

56
Q

Klumpke’s palsy

A

compression or traction of the lower brachial plexus. (c8 and T1).

paralysis of the hand and wrist muscles (aka claw hand deformity)

fabrication of a sling that fits proximally around the humerus to ensure proper alignment and prevent subluxation due to gravity. PROM and AROM exercises, tactile stem, engagement in activities that are bilateral in nature to increase body scheme,

57
Q

TBI acute care intervention

A

sensory stim, ROM, positioning, splinting

58
Q

TBI rehab intervention

A

assessments, regaining function with ADLS, regaining function with IADLs, regaining executive functioning, training on AD for school.

59
Q

TBI community reentry intervention

A

home and community visits to assess activity demands and to problem solve strategies, home or school modifications and introducing to AD, collaborating with school personnel, family and rehab team.

60
Q

Mild ID (intellectual disability) IQ:

A

between 55-70 ability to learn academic skills at the 3rd-7th grade leave. able to work with minimal support

61
Q

Moderate ID (intellectual disability) IQ:

A

between 40-55. able to learn academic skills at least the 2nd grade level and able to perform unskilled as well as some skilled work tasks

62
Q

severe ID (intellectual disability) IQ:

A

25-40. able to communicate and perform some basic ADLs and health habits. often requires support to complete routines

63
Q

profound ID (intellectual disability) IQ:

A

below 25. requires caregiver assistance for basic tasks also generally has neuromuscular, orthopedic or behavioral deficits

64
Q

Rett syndrome

A

found only in girls. development appears normal for the first 6 mo. of age. the childs head growth beings to slow and she loses hand skills and demonstrates poorly coordinated trunk and gait coordination. initially a loss of social skills occurs but social skills reemerge later. common behavior is handwringing and other repetitive behaviors. usually non ambulatory and nonverbal by late childhood.

65
Q

Trisomy 13 or Patau’s syndrome

A

have multiple anomalies affecting their eyes, ears, nose, lip, palate, and digits only 20% of children survive.

66
Q

Turner’s syndrome

A

present with webbing of the neck, congenital edema of the extremities and cardiac problems. may be short may develop obesity. may have difficulty with visual perception.

67
Q

Klinefelter’s syndrome

A

learning disabilities and emotional/behavioral problems. they are tall, slim, and have small genitalia and unable to father children.

68
Q

neurofibromatosis

A

multiple tumors. have mild ID or learning disabilities, speech disorders, short stature, and skeletal anomalies.

69
Q

William’s syndrome

A

present with cerebral and cardiovascular abnormalities. have an ID, but characteristic affinity for music, social skills, and writing. difficulty with visual, spatial and motor skills.

70
Q

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

A

error in processing amino acid in proteins. The GUTHRIE test can be done at birth to diagnose. diet is the primary means to treat PKU. may resolve around age 10.

71
Q

Galactosemia

A

the inability to convert milk sugar to glucose which could result in spleen and liver dysfunction. avoid milk products and breast milk.

72
Q

neurodelopmental approach (handwriting)

A

activities that modulate muscle tone
activities that promise proximal joint stability
activities that improve hand function

73
Q

acquisition approach (handwriting)

A

handwriting should be taught directly
should be implanted in brief daily lessons
should be individualized to the child
should be overland and used in a functional way.

74
Q

biomechanics approach

A

sitting posture, paper position, pencil grip and adjustment, paper modifications.

75
Q

Ayres sensory integration

A

proximal senses are emphasized in a childs early life.

a. vestibular
b. tactile
c. proprioceptive

distal senses are not through to have a large impact until later in childhood.

a. vision
b. hearing

76
Q

facilitation

A

observing the child and improving the childs environmental supports

77
Q

monitoring

A

observing the child and letting the child know the OT is present. encouraging the child, using guiding questions to prompt the child to problem solve

78
Q

gentle correction

A

characterized by altering the environment, reminding the child of the expectations, modeling the appropriate behavior, and redirecting the child to another location or activity.

79
Q

moderate correction

A

giving the child a break by redirecting the child

80
Q

strong correction

A

a time out, that is tie away from the activity until the child is calm.

NBCOT Exam Prep (17 decks)

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