Pediatric and Older Adult Flashcards
Newborn RR
30-55 breaths per minute
1 year RR
25-40 breaths per minute
3 years RR
20-30 breaths per minute
6 years RR
16-22 breaths per minute
12 years RR
12-20 breaths per minute
Newborn HR
100-170 bpm
infant-age 2 HR
80-130
2-6 years HR
70-120 BPM
7-10 years HR
70-110 BPM
10-16 years HR
60-100 breaths per minute
What is the expected rate of growth for a newborn through one year?
Weight doubles by 6 months, triples by first year
Height increases by 12 in
Head circumference increases by 4 in
First tooth at 6 months
Reflexive behavior -> purposeful movement
What is meant by “failure to thrive”?
When the weight or rate of weight gain is significantly below that of other children of the same age and sex
Infant
HR and RR while asleep
Warm environment/equipment
Head to toe
Intrusive assessments until the end
Engage infant if awake
- Toddlers
Allow parents to hold child
Expose only what is being examined
Tell toddler what you are going to do (don’t ask permission)
Incorporate play
Use lots of praise!!
Preschoolers
Explain in simple terms
Allow them to help
Offer reassurance
Give choices
School age
Give simple, honest explanations
Provide privacy; respect feelings
Educate
Adolescents
Provide privacy; confidentiality
Discuss findings, “matter of factly”
Encourage questions
2 months:
Looks at face, reacts to loud sounds, Smiles when talked to, Holds head up on tummy
6 months
Knows familiar people, takes turns making sounds with you, Reaches to grab a wanted toy, Rolls from tummy to back
1 year:
Play games like patty cake, says mama and dada, Pulls up to stand, places things in containers
18 months
Copies you doing chores, tries to use spoon, Points to show interest, 3 or more words at a time
2 years
Tries to use switches, knobs or buttons on toy, kicks a ball, looks at your face to learn how to react to new situation, two or more words together
30 months
About 50 words, Uses things to pretend, Shows you what they can do, jumps off ground with both feet
3 years
Talk in conversation, Draws a circle, Notices other children and joins to play, Use fork
4 years
Answer simple questions, Name a few colors of items, unbutton some buttons, likes to be a helper
Understand older adult abuse issues.
Neglect, Financial, Emotional/Psychological, Physical, Sexual
Be familiar with Functional Assessment tools used in the aging population.
SPICES
Sleep disorder, problems with eating, incontinence, confusion, evidence of falls, skin breakdown
Assess home safety
ADLs
Fall risk
Recognize fall risk factors.
Cognition
Previous falls
Medications
Lab values (Potassium)
Vital signs (Orthostatic hypotension)
Respiratory
Gradual decrease in respiratory performance
Decrease in O2, Increased level of CO2, Decrease in ability to perform strenuous exercise, harder to breath, more susceptible to pneumonia
Cardiovascular
Loss of elasticity in blood vessels and arteries (atherosclerosis), valves thicken and stiffen, more likely to have a heart murmur, Orthostatic hypotension, RBC production slows, Neutrophils decrease
Abdomen
Increased abdominal size, decreased lean mass, increased adipose tissue, altered ability to move food through gi tract, increased constipation, GERD
Musculoskeletal
Decreased muscle mass, ROM and balance, Decreased stamina and performance in activities, decreased bone density, osteoarthritis
Breast and Lymphatic
Decrease in breast size, atrophy of breast tissue, less adipose, more pendulous breasts. Males: Gynecomastia (Enlarged breast tissue)
Anal and genitourinary
Decreased estrogen, thinning pubic hair, atrophy of mucous membranes, altered ph, itching and infection, pendulous scrotum, enlarged prostate
