Pediatric and Older Adult

Question 1

Newborn RR

Answer 1

30-55 breaths per minute

Question 2

1 year RR

Answer 2

25-40 breaths per minute

Question 3

3 years RR

Answer 3

20-30 breaths per minute

Question 4

6 years RR

Answer 4

16-22 breaths per minute

Question 5

12 years RR

Answer 5

12-20 breaths per minute

Question 6

Newborn HR

Answer 6

100-170 bpm

Question 7

infant-age 2 HR

Answer 7

80-130

Question 8

2-6 years HR

Answer 8

70-120 BPM

Question 9

7-10 years HR

Answer 9

70-110 BPM

Question 10

10-16 years HR

Answer 10

60-100 breaths per minute

Question 11

What is the expected rate of growth for a newborn through one year?

Answer 11

Weight doubles by 6 months, triples by first year
Height increases by 12 in
Head circumference increases by 4 in
First tooth at 6 months
Reflexive behavior -> purposeful movement

Question 12

What is meant by “failure to thrive”?

Answer 12

When the weight or rate of weight gain is significantly below that of other children of the same age and sex

Question 13

Infant

Answer 13

HR and RR while asleep
Warm environment/equipment
Head to toe
Intrusive assessments until the end
Engage infant if awake

Question 14

• Toddlers

Answer 14

Allow parents to hold child
Expose only what is being examined
Tell toddler what you are going to do (don’t ask permission)
Incorporate play
Use lots of praise!!

Question 15

Preschoolers

Answer 15

Explain in simple terms
Allow them to help
Offer reassurance
Give choices

Question 16

School age

Answer 16

Give simple, honest explanations
Provide privacy; respect feelings
Educate

Question 17

Adolescents

Answer 17

Provide privacy; confidentiality
Discuss findings, “matter of factly”
Encourage questions

Question 18

2 months:

Answer 18

Looks at face, reacts to loud sounds, Smiles when talked to, Holds head up on tummy

Question 19

6 months

Answer 19

Knows familiar people, takes turns making sounds with you, Reaches to grab a wanted toy, Rolls from tummy to back

Question 20

1 year:

Answer 20

Play games like patty cake, says mama and dada, Pulls up to stand, places things in containers

Question 21

18 months

Answer 21

Copies you doing chores, tries to use spoon, Points to show interest, 3 or more words at a time

Question 22

2 years

Answer 22

Tries to use switches, knobs or buttons on toy, kicks a ball, looks at your face to learn how to react to new situation, two or more words together

Question 23

30 months

Answer 23

About 50 words, Uses things to pretend, Shows you what they can do, jumps off ground with both feet

Question 24

3 years

Answer 24

Talk in conversation, Draws a circle, Notices other children and joins to play, Use fork

Question 25

4 years

Answer 25

Answer simple questions, Name a few colors of items, unbutton some buttons, likes to be a helper

Question 26

Understand older adult abuse issues.

Answer 26

Neglect, Financial, Emotional/Psychological, Physical, Sexual

Question 27

Be familiar with Functional Assessment tools used in the aging population.

Answer 27

SPICES
Sleep disorder, problems with eating, incontinence, confusion, evidence of falls, skin breakdown
Assess home safety
ADLs
Fall risk

Question 28

Recognize fall risk factors.

Answer 28

Cognition
Previous falls
Medications
Lab values (Potassium)
Vital signs (Orthostatic hypotension)

Question 29

Respiratory

Answer 29

Gradual decrease in respiratory performance
Decrease in O2, Increased level of CO2, Decrease in ability to perform strenuous exercise, harder to breath, more susceptible to pneumonia

Question 30

Cardiovascular

Answer 30

Loss of elasticity in blood vessels and arteries (atherosclerosis), valves thicken and stiffen, more likely to have a heart murmur, Orthostatic hypotension, RBC production slows, Neutrophils decrease

Question 31

Abdomen

Answer 31

Increased abdominal size, decreased lean mass, increased adipose tissue, altered ability to move food through gi tract, increased constipation, GERD

Question 32

Musculoskeletal

Answer 32

Decreased muscle mass, ROM and balance, Decreased stamina and performance in activities, decreased bone density, osteoarthritis

Question 33

Breast and Lymphatic

Answer 33

Decrease in breast size, atrophy of breast tissue, less adipose, more pendulous breasts. Males: Gynecomastia (Enlarged breast tissue)

Question 34

Anal and genitourinary

Answer 34

Decreased estrogen, thinning pubic hair, atrophy of mucous membranes, altered ph, itching and infection, pendulous scrotum, enlarged prostate