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Finals J1 > 306 Final > Flashcards

306 Final Flashcards

1
Q

Palliative Care

A

Management of pain, improves quality of life for clients and families, allows dying clients to die with dignity, still able to seek out life-saving measures

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2
Q

Hospice

A

Diagnosis by a physician as having 6 months or less to live

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3
Q

Physiological signs of death

A

Dyspnea
Hypotension
Anorexia, Nausea, Dehydration
Restlessness
Pain

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4
Q

DNR

A

Do not resuscitate

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5
Q

What if family conflicts with client wishes

A

We advocate for clients wishes

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6
Q

Post Mortem Care

A

*Clean and prepare the patient
Including removing lines/drains
*Allow for time for family to be with the patient
* Contact donation services (may happen earlier)
OBody bag & Identification

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7
Q

Pain Assessments – components, when to use

A

PQRST- (Provoke, Quality, Region, Severity, Timing) Adult Pain scale

CRIES (Crying, Requiring O2, Increase in vitals, expression, sleep) Used for infants and newborns

FLACC (Faces, Legs, Arms, Cry, Consolability) 2m-7years or disabled

NVPS (Nonverbal pain Scale) is Used when unable to verbalize pain

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8
Q

Categories of Pain

A

Nociceptive: Pain in the skin, bones, joints, visceral

Neuropathic: Neurological pain, diabetic neuropathy, phantom limb pain

Cancer: Pain from cancer

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9
Q

Non-verbal signs of pain

A

Gaurding, Restlessness, Grimicing

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10
Q

Comforting in pain

A

Pharmaceuticals (Opioids)
Nonpharmacological (TENS, Massage… etc)
Distraction: used for mild pain

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11
Q

Promoting sleep

A

Go to bed and wake up each time every day, keep naps short and before 3 pm, complete exercise 3 hours before going to bed, remove work items and tv from the bedroom when possible.

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11
Q

Benefits of sleep

A

Health and Healing, Transfer of memory from short to long term,

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12
Q

The effects of sleep deprivation

A

Impair judgment, decrease response time, trigger seizure disorders, migraines and tension headaches

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13
Q

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

A

Related to the recurrent episodes of upper airway collapse and obstruction while sleeping combined with waking from sleep (apnea= no breathing for a minimum of 10 seconds)

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14
Q

Carbohydrates

A

The main source of energy
Make up 45-65% of total daily calories

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15
Q

Proteins

A

Found in every cell of the body
The building block of the body
Promotes growth, healing, and overall body maintenance
Builds and repairs tissues

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16
Q

Fats

A

Storage form of excess energy
Body protection
Facilitates absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
A secondary source of energy

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17
Q

Heart healthy Diet

A

Omega3
Less plaque buildup in the arteries

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18
Q

Low Sodium Diet

A

Less salty foods

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19
Q

Fat-soluble vitamins

A

A, D,E, K

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20
Q

Water soluble vitamins

A

C, B complex

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21
Q

Signs and symptoms of Malnutrition & Dehydration

A

Growth failure, compromised immune system, poor wound healing, muscle loss, physical and functional decline

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22
Q

Progression of nutrition following digestive issues – clear to full

A

Clear liquid- Contains only clear liquids such as broth, gelatin, and water
*Full liquid- Contains fluids, foods that are liquids, and foods that are liquids at room temperature
*Pureed- Consists of food that does not need to be chewed
*Soft Diet- Soft foods that are easy to swallow and digest
*Regular diet- Consists of healthy foods coming from all of the food groups

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23
Q

Dysphagia Definition, assessing for, health professional consult

A

Difficulty swallowing, Assessment is done by the RN
Evaluation is done by a speech pathologist
Avoid straws and thin liquids at first

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24
Q

Joint Commission role

A

Perform evaluations of facilities and assess scores of the monthly submissions of hospitals’ safety and quality performance outcomes.
Done 4 times a year

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25
Q

Enteral

A

Nutrition intake through the GI tract that can be by mouth or GI tube

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26
Q

Near Miss

A

Potential error or event that could have caused harm but was caught and avoided

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27
Q

Parenteral

A

Nutrition that is given intravenously through a large vein to clients whose GI tracts don’t work properly

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28
Q

Client Safety Event

A

An unexpected event that did occur but did not cause harm to the client

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29
Q

Adverse event

A

Unexpected event that caused harm to the client

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30
Q

Sentinel event

A

Critical, unexpected event that caused severe physical or psychological harm to a patient including death, dismemberment, or permanent injury.

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30
Q

Root cause analysis

A

Used to probe potential errors

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31
Q

HAIs

A

Hospital-acquired infections
CAUTI: Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection
CLABSI: Central Line Associated Blood Systemic Infection
Surgical Site Infection

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32
Q

Correct ID of patients

A

Two forms of identification
Name, DOB, Phone Number, Social Security

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33
Q

Fall Prevention- Safety in the client’s room, surroundings

A

Call don’t fall (Use Call light)
De-Clutter
Monitor Mental status
Bedside sitters
Motion alarms
Adequate lighting
Call light in reach
Hourly rounding

At HOME
Throw Rugs
Electrical Cords
Hand Rails
Stair Lift

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34
Q

Standard Precautions

A

Cautions performed every time in every situation

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35
Q

PPE

A

Contact precautions: Gown, Gloves, (Everything else as needed)
Droplet: Gown, Mask, Goggles, Gloves
Airbourne: Gown, N95 respirator, Goggles, Gloves

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36
Q

Delegation – Nursing License

A

Dont delegate what you can EAT
Evaluation, Assessment, Teaching

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37
Q

Basic steps in case of a Fire

A

R.A.C.E

Rescue
Alarm
Confine
Evacuate

P.A.S.S

*Pull
*Aim
*Squeeze
*Sweep

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38
Q

Restraints

A

To AVOID restraints
Close to the RN station
Hourly Rounding
Orient to surroundings
Asses if current meds are therapeutic

If restraints ARE ON
Educate the family about why restraints are needed
Passive ROM
Provider Orders every 24 hours
Released and repositioned every 2 hours

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39
Q

ISBAR

A

I- Identify

S- Situation

B- Background

A- Assessment

R-Recomendations

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40
Q

ADPIE

A

A-Assessment
D-Diagnosis
P-Planning
I-Interventions
E-Evaluate

Assessment always first!

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41
Q

Vital Signs Normal ranges for adults

A

BP- 120/80
O2 Sat- 95%+
Pulse- 60-100 BPM
Temp- 97-99 degrees F
RR- 12-20

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42
Q

Illness & Disease

A

Illness: Personal experience with illness
Disease: Alteration of body function

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42
Q

Modifiable Risks

A

Risk factors that one can change and prevent.
- obesity

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43
Q

Health Equity/ Equality – Vulnerable Populations

A

Health equality- Everyone gets the same resources
Health Equity- People who need it more get more resources

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44
Q

Social Determinants of Health

A

Bad environment, Low income, No insurance. Anything that can deter someone from getting healthcare

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45
Q

Eye Disorders

A

Cataracts-
A clouding of the lens of the eye that causes vision to be blurry, hazy, or less colorful.

Glaucoma-
An increase in intraocular pressure due to the buildup of fluid, or aqueous humor, that causes compression of the optic nerve.
Open Angle: Tunnel Vision, Gradual loss of vision
Closed Angle: Severe pain, sudden onset of decreased vision

Eye Exams: Increased Ocular pressure
Treatment: Eye drops, Laser eye surgery

Acute Macular Degeneration-
An irreversible degeneration of the macula that leads to a loss of central vision as clients age.

Diabetic Retinopathy-
affects blood vessels in the retina causing blindness.

Astigmatism-
A defect that causes both nearby and faraway objects to appear blurry

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46
Q

Acute Macular Degeneration

A

An irreversible degeneration of the macula that leads to a loss of central vision as clients age.

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47
Q

Cataracts

A

A clouding of the lens of the eye that causes vision to be blurry, hazy, or less colorful.

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48
Q

Glaucoma

A

An increase in intraocular pressure due to the buildup of fluid, or aqueous humor, that causes compression of the optic nerve.
Open Angle: Tunnel Vision, Gradual loss of vision
Closed Angle: Severe pain, sudden onset of decreased vision

Eye Exams: Increased Ocular pressure
Treatment: Eye drops, Laser eye surgery

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49
Q

Diabetic Retinopathy

A

affects blood vessels in the retina causing blindness.

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50
Q

Astigmatism

A

A defect that causes both nearby and faraway objects to appear blurry

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51
Q

Eye exams as early as

A

6 months old

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52
Q

Comprehensive eye exam at

A

40
With no comorbidities
2-4 years ages 40-54
1-3 years 44-64
1-2 years 65+

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53
Q

Children ages _______ screened at least once

A

3-5

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54
Q

Eye Safety

A

Wear goggles or safety glasses in an environment that is dangerous

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55
Q

Hyperopia

A

Inability to see nearby objects clearly, also referred to as farsightedness.

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56
Q

Myopia

A

Inability to see faraway objects clearly, also referred to as nearsightedness

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56
Q

Astigmatism

A

A defect in the eye making objects nearby and faraway look blurry or distorted

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57
Q

Presbyopia

A

Age-related farsightedness, or a gradual decrease in the ability to clearly see nearby caused by the loss of flexibility of the lens of the eye.

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58
Q

Sensorineural Hearing Deficit

A

Effects inner ear, nerve pathway
Could be associated with tinnitus and vertigo
Age related presbycusis, followed by noise-induced hearing loss
Congenital, genetic or acquired

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59
Q

Noise-induced hearing loss

A

Associated with prolonged exposure to sounds greeted than 85 dB including loud music
Can be caused by single exposure to intense sound over 120dB
Wear ear protection, avoid loud situations
Warning signs are inability to hear from 3 feet away

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60
Q

Conductive Hearing loss

A

Loss of hearing at all frequencies
Most common cause: Obstruction of external ear canal
Impacted cerumen
Perforated tympanic membrane

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61
Q

Otosclerosis

A

Abnormal growth of bone in the middle ear.

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62
Q

Otitis Media

A

Inflammation in or the accumulation of fluid in the middle ear that can result in conductive hearing loss

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63
Q

Occupational Risks for hearing loss

A

Machinery, Planes, other loud environments

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64
Q

Presbycusis

A

Age-related hearing loss.

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65
Q

Hair cells of cochlea ______ With aging

A

Degenerate

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66
Q

______ pitched tones, conversational speech lost initiaially

A

High

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67
Q

Conductive Hearing loss

A

Inability of sound to travel from the outer ear to the eardrum and middle ear.

Blockage in ear canal

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68
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss

A

Hearing loss that occurs from problems either in the inner ear or on the vestibulocochlear (auditory) nerve (cranial nerve VIII).

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69
Q

Tinnitus

A

Hearing sound when no external sound is present, such as ringing, buzzing, roaring, clicking, hissing, or humming noises.

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70
Q

Vertigo

A

a sensation of motion or spinning that is often described as dizziness

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71
Q

TORCH

A

Toxoplasmosis, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Syphilis, Herpes

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72
Q

Idiopathic neuropathy

A

Neuropathy due to nerve damage of an unknown cause.

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73
Q

Peripheral Neuropathy

A

Conditions that occur when nerves in the central nervous system become damaged resulting in numbness, pain, and weakness to the extremities.

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74
Q

Diabetic neuropathy

A

Nerve damage that occurs in clients who have diabetes mellitus due to high blood glucose levels and high levels of triglycerides, which cause damage to the nerves and to the small blood vessels supplying blood to the nerves.

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75
Q

Rinne test

A

Tuning fork on mastoid bone, when client cannot hear it place it outside auditory canal

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75
Q

Weber Test

A

Place the tuning fork on the middle of forehead, detect if the client hears the sound equally. Can detect sensorineural issues

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76
Q

Sensory processing disorder

A

When a client appropriately detects sensory stimuli, but their brain has difficulty interpreting and responding appropriately to the stimuli.

77
Q

Sensory Deficit

A

A deficit in the expected function of one or more of the five senses

78
Q

Sensory Deprivation

A

A reduction in or absence of stimuli to one or more of the five senses.

79
Q

Sensory Overload

A

Receiving stimuli at a rate and intensity beyond the brain’s ability to process the stimuli in a meaningful way.

79
Q

Ototoxicity

A

Causing damage to or dysfunction of the cochlea or vestibule.

80
Q

Aphasia

A

A disorder that affects a client s ability to articulate and understand speech and written language due to damage in the brain (National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders).

81
Q

Tactile Hypersensitivity

A

Being overly sensitive to tactile stimulilation.

82
Q

Tactile Defensiveness

A

A severe sensitivity to touch that most people would find acceptable that often causes physical pain

83
Q

Tactile Hyposentivity

A

Under-responsiveness to tactile stimulation.

84
Q

Gustatory Cells

A

Taste cells that contain specific receptors that allow for differentiation between sweet, sour, bitter, salty, or savory flavors.

85
Q

Hypogeusia

A

A decreased ability to taste.

86
Q

Dysgusia

A

A persistent salty, rancid, or metallic taste is said to have dysgeusia.

86
Q

Aguesia

A

The inability to taste anything.

87
Q

Phantom taste perception

A

A persistent, foul taste when the mouth is empty

88
Q

Hyposmia

A

A reduction in the ability to perceive odors.

88
Q

Anosmia

A

The inability to smell anything.

89
Q

Phantosmia

A

The sensation of an odor that isn’t there.

90
Q

Parosmia

A

a distortion in smells, such as when a previously pleasant smell becomes unpleasant.

91
Q

Vulnerable Populations

A

Socioeconomic
Different primary language compared to health care site
Sexual Orientation
Sensory Deficits
Demographics

92
Q

Delirium

A

confused thinking and reduced awareness of the environment.

93
Q

Emic knowledge

A

An insider’s viewpoint of a culture.

93
Q

Health Disparities

A

Preventable differences in incidence and prevalence of disease, injury, or violence among populations, based on race, ethnicity, gender, gender identity, LGBT, age, or socioeconomic status

93
Q

Socioeconomic

A

Education level
Employment status
Household income
Poverty status

93
Q

Sexual Orientation

A

Clients who identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual, and can also include those clients who are questioning their sexual orientation or sex identity.

93
Q

Demographics

A

Age
English language proficiency
Household type
Population density
Race and ethnicity
Sex

94
Q

Cultural Competence

A

Being able to incorporate effective nursing care with emic and etic knowledge including appreciating, accepting, and respecting all individual s cultural influences, beliefs, customs, and values.

94
Q

Etic knowledge

A

An outsider’s viewpoint of a culture.

95
Q

Culture

A

The learned, shared, and transmitted values, beliefs, norms, and lifeways of a particular group that guide their thinking, decisions, and actions in patterned ways.

96
Q

Cultural Humility

A

Being aware of power imbalances and biases and respecting other peoples values

Not one culture is better than another

97
Q

Implicit Bias

A

The involuntary attitudes or associations that affect our perceptions, actions, decisions, and interactions with others, unconsciously.

98
Q

Explicit Bias

A

Bias that’s derived from our conscious thoughts and beliefs that can be reported.

99
Q

Musculoskeletal system:

A

Muscular system
Skeletal System

99
Q

Personal Health Literacy

A

The extent to which an individual can obtain, process, and comprehend basic health information.

99
Q

Health Equality

A

The distribution of the same resources, including opportunities, to all individuals within a population.

99
Q

Health Equity

A

Valuing all individuals equally and removing obstacles to optimal health and health care across different populations.

100
Q

Cultural Health Assessment

A

Assessments that can be conducted to gather information regarding the client’s culture and how it can affect their health.

100
Q

Organizational Health literacy

A

The extent to which organizations equitably assist individuals with understanding, finding, and using information and services to make informed health-related decisions for themselves and others.

100
Q

Intrapersonal:

A

“Intrapersonal cultural humility occurs when nurses and nurse faculty are actively engaged in examining and critiquing their beliefs and motives.” (Hughes, et. al. 2020)

100
Q

Muscular system

A

Muscles and Tendons, ligaments, cartilage

101
Q

Interpersonal

A

Interpersonal humility happens when individuals critically engage in questioning and understanding the values and cultures of their patients, families and colleagues” (Hughes, et. al. 2020)

101
Q

Skeletal system

A

Bones, joints of skeletal system

102
Q

Muscular system and skeletal system work together to…

A

Support body weight, control movements, provide stability, some provide protection for heart, lungs, and brain.

103
Q

Ligaments

A

Connect bones to other bones

103
Q

Muscle types

A

Smooth, Cardiac, Skeletal

104
Q

Tendons

A

Connects muscles to bones

104
Q

Cartilage

A

Flexible connective tissue

105
Q

Pregnancy complications

A

Back pain due to weight
Postural fixing, physical therapy to strengthen back muscles
Caution on meds

105
Q

Acute injury treatment

A

RICE

Rest, Ice, Compress, Elevate

POLICE

Protection, Optimal, Load, Ice, Compression, Elevation

106
Q

Alteration in muscles, bones, and joints link a variety of health problems

A

Arthritis
Fractures
Neurological disorders
Traumatic Injuries
Parkinsons
Spinal cord injuries
Back problems
Multiple sclerosis

107
Q

Adolescents complication

A

Most common time to see scoliosis

107
Q

Childhood complications

A

Growing pains
Presents as pain in arms and legs

107
Q

Adult Complications

A

Back pain

108
Q

Back Pain – Herniated Disc

A

Perforation on vertebrae leading to escaping fluid to compress nerve root, extremely painful

109
Q

Lumbar Herniated Disc

A

Hip pain, Lower back pain

109
Q

Herniated Disk interventions

A

Pharmacologic- Meds
Nonpharmacologic- Accupuncture
Surgery

110
Q

Cervical Herniated Disc

A

Upper extremity pain, Shoulder pain, Neck pain

111
Q

Good body mechanics

A

Wide Base
Look at patients
Straight back, no bending at the waist
Life with the legs

111
Q

Effects of Aging on the body

A

Loss of bone mass
Decrease lean body mass
Increased rigidity in tendons and ligaments
Foot problems
Muscle atrophy
Decreased height
Decreased range of motion

112
Q

Consequences of immobility

A

Moving is healing
Hospital acquired pressure injuries, DVTs, pneumonia, Falls, Cognition/Delirium, Readmissions, Length of stay, Discharge disposition, Appropriate rehab utilization

Closer we get to a zero fall environment, the further away we get from a culture of mobility

113
Q

Clients with Fall Risks

A

Diagnoses
Abnormal lab values (Potassium)
Vital signs
Cognition
Medication (Pain, diuretics)

114
Q

Modifiable Risk Factors for Alterations of Sensory Perception

A
  • Environment (UV light exposure, loud sounds)
  • Lifestyle (stress, smoking)
  • Injury
  • Medications
114
Q

Concepts related to mobility

A

Collaboration, Comfort, Health, Wellness, Injury, Illness, Mood and Affect, Safety, Stress and coping

115
Q

The 5+ Senses

A
  • Visual
  • Olfactory
  • Gustatory
    -Tactile
  • Auditory
  • Kinesthetic: Position in time and space
  • Stereognosis: Use of tactile and memory to identify object
  • Visceral: Sensation of knowing something is happening in body
116
Q

Non-Modifiable Risk Factors for Alterations of Sensory Perception

A
  • Genetics
  • Aging
117
Q

Impacts of Sensory Alteration

A
  • Communication (deaf -> hard to talk/hear)
  • Psychosocial (can’t hear, don’t want to do social things)
  • Independence (challenges independence, confidence, self-esteem)
118
Q

Modifiable and Non-Modifiable Risk Factors for Alterations of Sensory Perception

A
  • Disease/Illness
119
Q

Cataracts

A
  • Lenses get cloudy and yellow
  • 60-70yrs old becomes a problem
120
Q

Refractive Errors

A
  • Presbyopia: Aging of the eye, close objects become blurry
  • Myopia: Nearsighted, distant objects appear blurry
  • Astigmatism: Blurry/distorted visionNursing Interventions for Visually Impaired
120
Q

Glaucoma

A
  • Gradual loss of peripheral vision
  • Aqueous Humor flow is compromised
  • Open Angle: Tunnel vision
  • Closed Angle: Severe pain, sudden vision loss
  • Treatment: Eye drops, laser eye surgery
121
Q

Acute Macular Degeneration

A
  • Dark area and distortion
  • Treatment: Antioxidants and zinc
121
Q

Diabetic Retinopathy

A
  • Bleeding in eye and occludes vision
122
Q

Nursing Interventions for Visually Impaired

A
  • Clear pathways
  • Ensure good lighting
  • Call light, glasses, assistive devices all in reach
  • Prevent Sensory overload
  • Print materials in larger font
123
Q

Tactile Sense

A
  • Access: Touch different texture and temperature objects on patient’s skin with their eyes closed
  • Impairment: Decreased mobility, falls, weak grasp, pressure sores
123
Q

Tactile Impairment Through Lifespan

A
  • Older adults have decreased sensitivity to touch
  • Uncontrolled diabetes causing peripheral neuropathy
  • Polyneuropathy: Damage to multiple body parts
124
Q

Symptoms of Peripheral Neuropathy

A
  • Aching, shooting, tingling, burning pain and weakness
125
Q

Tactile Nursing Care

A
  • Address contributing conditions
  • Change position often to avoid sores
  • Promote effective coping
126
Q

Olfactory Sense

A

Smell
Often not adequately tested
Can use swabs with vanilla
Electro-olfactography

127
Q

Olfactory and Gustatory Nursing Care

A
  • Danger cleaning with some chemicals
  • Gas appliances in good working order
  • Inspect food for freshness
  • Suggest healthy way to add flavor besides salting
  • Maintain good oral care (brush twice, floss once, visit dentist every 6)
128
Q

Olfactory and gustatory Impairment Through Lifespan

A

Pregnancy: increase sense of smell, leading to nausea and vomiting or food cravings
- Older adults: senses diminish
- May be affected by cold, flu, coronavirus, sinusitis
- MS and Parkinson’s can affect them as well

129
Q

Hearing Screenings

A
  • Newborns screened regularly
  • Preschool and school age screened at school
  • Adults every 10yrs until 50, every 3yrs after 50
129
Q

Rinne Test

A
  • Place vibrating tuning fork on mastoid bone, remove when can’t hear, place outside ear
  • Air conduction should be twice as long as bone conduction
130
Q

Weber Test

A
  • Place tuning fork on top of head
  • Should hear equally in both ears
131
Q

Auditory Alterations

A

Hearing Deficits May:
- Be partial or total
- Be congenital or acquired
- Affect one or both ears
- Affect specific frequencies or all frequencies

132
Q

Conductive Hearing Loss

A

Equal loss of hearing at all frequencies
Causes
-Obstruction of external ear canal
- Wax buildup
- Perforated ear drum
- Disruption or fixation of ossicles
- Chronic and untreated ear infections

133
Q

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

A

-Effects inner ear, auditory nerve pathway
- May be associated with tinnitus and vertigo
- Most common cause is age related presbycusis (degeneration of hair cells of cochlea)

134
Q

TORCH

A

T: Toxoplasmosis
O: Other (syphilis, varicella, mumps, parvovirus, HIV)
R: Rubella
C: Cytomegalovirus
H: Herpes simplex

135
Q

Non-pharmacological Auditory Therapies

A

-Hearing aids
-Assistive listening devices
-White or pink noise-masking device
-TD/TTY telephones
-Internet accessibility
-Lip Reading
-Flashing/vibrating safety alarms

136
Q

Pharmacological Auditory Therapies

A

-Decongestants
-Steroids
-Antibiotics
(Used to treat cause of temporary hearing alterations)

137
Q

Auditory Health Promotion

A
  • Earplugs
  • Use email or text instead of call
  • Use written materials
  • Closed captions
  • ASL or Lip reading classes
138
Q

What Components Make Up Muscular System?

A
  • Ligaments
  • Tendons
  • Cartilage-
  • Muscles
139
Q

What Components Make Up Skeletal System?

A
  • Bones
  • Joints
140
Q

Ligaments

A

Connect bones to other bones

141
Q

Tendons

A

Connects bones to muscles

142
Q

Types of Musculoskeletal Alterations

A

-Back problems
-Fractures
-Multiple Sclerosis
-Osteoarthritis
-Parkinson’s
-Spinal Cord Injuries (SCI)

143
Q

POLICE

A

P: Protection
O: Optimal
L: Load
I: Ice
C: Compression
E: Elevation

143
Q

RICE

A

R: Rest
I: Ice
C: Compress
E: Elevate

144
Q

Concepts Related to Mobility

A

-Collaboration
-Comfort
-Health, Wellness, Illness, and Injury
-Mood and Affect
-Safety
-Stress and Coping

145
Q

Lifespan Considerations: Children

A

-Massive bone growth
-Growing pains in legs/arms

146
Q

Lifespan Considerations: Infants

A

-Flexible
-Unfused cartilaginous joints

147
Q

Lifespan Considerations: Adolescents

A

-Injuries from sports
-Continued muscle and bone growth/development

148
Q

Lifespan Considerations: Pregnancy

A

-Increase weight
-Increase stress on muscles and bone

149
Q

Lifespan Considerations: Older Adults

A

-Compressed Spine
-Decrease muscle mass
-Stiffer joints

150
Q

Pharmacological Interventions For Back Pain

A

-Drugs

150
Q

Herniated Disc Description

A

-Anulus fibrosis ruptures
-Nucleus pulposus herniates
-Nerve gets compresses

151
Q

Non-pharmacological Interventions for Back Pain

A

-Acupuncture
-RICE/POLICE
-Low impact exercise

152
Q

Fall Risks

A

-Abnormal lab values (low potassium causes muscle weakness)
-Vitals out of range
-Cognition
-Meds (diuretics make you pee, get up to go to bathroom, fall)

153
Q

BMAT

A

-Bedside Motility Assessment Tool
1. Assess use of assistive device
2. Have patient reach across body to shake your hand
2. Stretch foot out and point toe (with at least one leg)
3. Bear weight on leg for 5 seconds
4. March in place
5. Step forward and back with each leg

154
Q

immobility

A

An inability to reposition or move self

155
Q

Synovial Joints

A

Fluid-filled capsules that connect bones and enable movement.

156
Q

proprioception

A

Feedback from sensory receptors to coordinate, balance, and fine-tune body positioning and movement.

157
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

Nervous system outside of the brain and spinal cord, which regulates the responses of the body to external stimuli.

158
Q

Ergonomics

A

Study of body mechanics in relation to the demand and design of the work environment and the equipment used.

159
Q

Mobility

A

Moving from one position to another.

160
Q

Atrophy

A

Become smaller and weaker often from disuse.

161
Q

Sarcopenia

A

Loss of lean muscle caused by immobility.

162
Q

Foot Drop

A

A type of joint contracture that results in the foot and toes permanently pointing downward.

163
Q

Joint Contractures

A

An abnormal fixation of a joint due to changes in muscles and connective tissue.

164
Q

Activity Intolerance

A

Inadequate amount of physical or psychological energy to undergo or complete a necessary activity.

165
Q

Kyphosis

A

Excessive outward curvature of the upper area of the spine.

166
Q

Passive Range of Motion

A

The movement of a joint by another individual.

167
Q

Active Range of Motion

A

Voluntary movement of a joint.

168
Q

BMAT Stages

A

Safety Screen.
Level 1 - Sit and Shake Assessment.
Level 2 - Stretch and Point Assessment.
Level 3 - Stand Assessment.
Level 4 - Walk.

Finals J1 (4 decks)

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