PEDIATRIC

Question 1

Age Ranges

Answer 1

Neonate: Newborn to 28
Infant: Neonate to 1 Year
Toddler: 1-3 years
Pre-school: 3-5 years
School age: 6-10
Adolescent: 11-14

Question 2

Weight pattern soon after birth

Answer 2

Birth to 1 month, lose up to 10% of birth weight. Typically recover within 10 days.

Question 3

Jaundice in Neonate

Answer 3

Bilirubin, treatment is UV light.

Question 4

Fever in neonates

Answer 4

Requires extensive eval. >100.4 deg. Neonates should not have fevers. Can seizure at lower temperatures.

Question 5

SIDS

Answer 5

1-4 months is highest risk. Does not happen after 1st birthday. 2,300 cases per year. 2000 of which are accidental crib death(caused by blankets, stuffed animals, etc.) leading cause of death in this age range. may receive this call early morning.

Question 6

Assessment of SIDS

Answer 6

Last seen normal? Prior illness? Anyone else sick in house? Any other small kids in house? Check for signs of abuse. Shots up to date? Delivery complications?(vaginally or c-section). Breast fed or Bottle fed? Note behavior of the family(hysteria, or flat affect etc.) Check fontanelles for dehydration.

Question 7

BRUE

Answer 7

Brief Resolved unexplained event. Less than 1year old. Lasts less than 1 minute. Change in color, tone, breathing or responsiveness. Can be caused by: GERD, viral respiratory tract infection(RSV), pertussis, sepsis, meningitis, metabolic disorders, toxic ingestion, dysrhythmia, anemia, non-accidental Trauma.

Question 8

Low risk BRUE

Answer 8

No CPR, no history, not first time. No Px.

Question 9

SIDS prevention

Answer 9

1. Back to sleep - flattens occiput (can change side head is on).
2. Don’t share a bed.
3. Smoking cessation.

Question 10

Pediatric coma Mnemonic

Answer 10

A alcohol
E encephalopathy, endocrinopathy, electrolytes
I insulin
O opiates
U uremia
T Trauma
I infection
P psychiatric
S seizure

Question 11

Where to check blood sugar?

Answer 11

Heel

Question 12

Bronchiolitis

Answer 12

Viral infection. Occurs in peds <2 y.o. Peaks between 3-6 mos.
Swelling and mucus buildup in bronchioles.

Question 13

Bronchiolitis causes

Answer 13

RSV, Adenovirus, influenza.

Question 14

Risk factors for Bronchiolitis

Answer 14

Cig smoker, <6 mos., crowded conditions, not breastfed, <37 weeks gestation.

Question 15

How Bronchiolitis is contracted

Answer 15

Direct contact with nose and throat fluids.

Question 16

What does RSV (RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS) cause?

Answer 16

Most Common cause of Bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children under 1 y.o. Can cause croup.

Question 17

RSV peak season range

Answer 17

November to April

Question 18

Croup

Answer 18

Inflammation of the upper airway (the voice box)& windpipe(trachea). Leads to barking cough or hoarseness, especially when child cries.
Viral- causes adenovirus and RSV 6 mo. To 3y.o.

Question 19

S&S of Croup

Answer 19

Runny nose, cough, fever,

Question 20

Common home treatments for Croup

Answer 20

Humid air. Cool air through window etc.

Question 21

Shock bolus indicators and dose

Answer 21

Tachycardia, change in central/peripheral pulses, limb temperature transition, or ALOC. 20ml/kg.

Question 22

Shock bolus infusion rate for BP >90 and no respiratory difficulties and adequate signs of tissue perfusion

Answer 22

TKO