Pediatric Flashcards
Avulsed
Torn away or dislodged by force
Autonomy
Childhood process of becoming independent
Cerebral palsy
Neural disorder of motor function caused by brain damage
Chronologic age
Actual age of pediatric patients (months, years)
Contour
To shape or conform an object
Down syndrome ; trisomy 21
Chromosomal defect resulting in abnormal physical characteristics and mental impairment
Emotional age
Measure of the level of emotional maturity and pediatric patients
Extrusion
Displacement of a tooth from its socket as a result of injury
Frankl scale
Designed to evaluate patient behavior
Intrusion
Displacement of a tooth into its socket as a result of injury
Luxation
Dislocation
Open bay
Concept of open design used in pediatric dental practices
Pediatric dentistry
Dental specialty concerned with neonatal through adolescent patients, as well as patients with special needs in these age groups
Pulpotomy
Removal of the coronal portion of a vital pulp from a tooth
“Quiet room”
An isolated area required for patient care where children whose behavior can’t upset other children
What is the age range for a pediatric patient?
Infancy-adolescence
What are ways to include a young child in a procedure?
- have them select type of eyewear they’d like to wear
- have them point to the tooth they’d like you to start with
- have them point to the tooth that smiled for the camera (X-ray)
- have them chose fluoride flavor
- have them hold the saliva ejector
What are the guidelines for child behavior?
- be honest with the child
- consider the child’s point of view
- always “tell, show, and do”
- give positive reinforcement
How can the dental team give positive reinforcement?
Reinforcing and rewarding appropriate behavior and avoiding rewarding undesirable behavior
How should you communicate with a patient who has mild intellectual disabilities?
- minimize distractions
- use short explanations
- use simple language
- take time to present information
- avoid explanation of causes
- Focus on effects of lacking oral hygiene
- teacher activities rather than concepts
- encourage consistency
- use “tell–show–do”
- use positive reinforcement
- use verbal praise
How much fluoride is the right amount for a child?
Pea sized amount on the toothbrush is plenty
What do sealants protect?
The grooved and pitted surfaces of teeth, especially the chewing surfaces of posterior teeth
Where are most cavities found in children?
Posterior teeth
What are sealants made of?
Clear or shaded plastic
What do you use to save space for eruption of permanent teeth?
Space maintainer
What is done with space maintainers?
They are cemented into place and retained until permanent tooth erupts
Use of appliances to correct permanent dentition damaging oral habits such as thumb sucking falls under what type of dentistry?
Preventative orthodontics
Interceptive orthodontics
Allows the dentist to intercede or correct problems as they develop
Correction of a jaw size discrepancy through the use of a removable or fixed appliance would be an example of what type of dentistry?
Interceptive orthodontics
What are the 3 types of mouth guards used?
Commercial mouth guards, mouth-formed protectors, and custom fitted vacuum-formed guards
Pulp therapy
Attempt to stimulate and preserve pulpal regeneration in primary teeth
What are the 2 factors that most commonly affect the pulpal health of young teeth?
Deep caries and traumatic injury
Where are deep caries more likely to affect?
Posterior teeth
Trauma from injury is more likely to affect which teeth?
Anterior teeth
What can be indicated for a newly erupted permanent tooth to promote pulpal healing and stimulate the production of reparative dentin?
Indirect and direct pulp capping
Pulpotomy
Complete removal of the coronal portion of the dental pulp
Formocresol pulpotomy
Procedure often used on posterior teeth. 50:50 formulation of 19% formaldehyde & 35% cresol in an aqueous glycerin solution
Calcium hydroxide pulpotomy
Used primarily for young permanent teeth with open apices
Why is a stainless steel crown the restoration of choice for children throughout adolescent years?
- prepared/placed in 1 appt.
- durable enough to last until primary teeth are replaced by permanent teeth
- almost always tolerated by young gingiva
- much less expensive than cast restorations
What are the 2 types of stainless steel crowns used in pediatric dentistry?
Pretrimmed and precontoured
Where do many injuries to primary teeth occur in the “toddler” stage of 1-2 1/2 year olds?
Maxillary central incisors
What consequences can occur to an injury of a young child’s tooth?
Discoloration and possible loss
What are adults instructed to do should a child’s tooth be avulsed?
- immediately recover the tooth
- wrap tooth in moistened gauze
- go to dentist office immediately
How soon should an avulsed tooth be replanted for the highest rate of success?
Within 30 minutes of the accident
What is the replantation process?
-local anesthetic
-radiographs are taken
-surgical curette to remove clotted blood from alveolus (socket)
-avulsed tooth is washed in saline solution & inserted into alveolus
-tooth is splinted into place with wire, acrylic, or ortho splints
Postoperative radiographs are taken
-endo treatment is done 6-8 weeks after
Which government body should be contacted if child abuse is suspected?
State or county child protective services agency
What do you include when reporting child abuse?
- Child’s address, sex, age, height, weight
- name/address of custodial adult
- description of current physical/emotional abuse or neglect
- evidence of previous injuries or negligence
- info to est. cause of injuries
- sketch/photo doc nature/location of injuries
What is unique about the treatment setting of a pediatric practice?
- treatment room is not confined or structured
- cheerful displays or themed decor
- less “medical looking” fun colored scrubs
What is the advantage of an open bay concept?
Provides reassurance allowing children to see other kids receiving care. Children are less likely to misbehave in front of other children
