Pedia Hx and PE Flashcards

1
Q

age when adult neuro exam can be used in children

A

4 yo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

most useful and objective information

A

observation at play

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

traits making children more predisposed to injury

A

top heavy
cranial bones are thin and not well developed
brain is highly vascular
excessive spinal mobility
wedge shaped cartilaginous vertebral bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

characteristics of sturge weber syndrome

A

port wine stain

vascular malformations in the brain –> calcification and sequelae of epilepsy and developmental delay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

characteristics of neurofibromatosis

A

cafe au lait sport
axillary freckling
neurofibromas
neruologicaldeficits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

characteristics of ataxia telangiectasia

A

telangiectatic lesions in conjunctiva, skin, mucosa
progressive cerebella ataxia
can be misdiagnosed as ataxic cerebral palsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

characteristics of neurocutaneous melanosis

A

seizures most common presentation

partches of hyperpigmentation and tufts of hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

when to measure head size

A

babies to 3 yo

>3 yo with small head size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

early closure of cranial sutures

A

primary craniosynostosis
>/= 1 sutures fuse prematurely = restricted perpendicular skull growth
multiple sutures = inc icp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

early fusion of sagittal suture

A

scaphocephaly

long and narrow head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

early fusion of one coronal suture

A

anterior plagiocephaly
asymmetrical head
“harlequin” deformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

early bilateral coronal suture fusion

A

brachycephaly

short head but wide, cone shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

early closure of one lambdoid suture

A

posterior plagiocephaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

early fusion of the metopic suture

A

trigonocephaly

triangle shaped forehead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

features of trisomy 21

A
protruding tongue
flat nasal bridge
epicanthal folds
single palmar crease
congenital cardiac defect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

features of gargoylism

A

gapped teeth
thickened tongue
frontal bossing
associated with hunter’s syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

features of tunrner syndrome

A

mental retardation
webbed neck
heart shaped face
low hairline at back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

features of prader willi syndrome

A

almond eyes
downturned mouth
hypogonadism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

features of treacher-collins syndrome

A

underdevelopment of jaw and zygomatic bones
precursors of ear fail to develop
cc: deafness

20
Q

how to measure occipitofrontal circumference

A

most prominent part of glabella around most prominent part of the occiput
during first 2 months and then 2x a year after

21
Q

normal head circumference and growth

22
Q

normal hc vs cc

A

hc > cc at birth
hc = cc at 6 mos
hc < cc at end of 1st year

23
Q

what are craniotabes

A

softening of parietal or occipital bones

indicates prematurity or rickets

24
Q

closure of anterior fontanelle

A

earliest: 8 mos
latest: 17-19 mos

25
closure of posterior fontanelle
6-8 weeks
26
t/f in younger children whose sutures have not yet mineralized increased icp may result with a child with a bigger head
true 12 yo: vomiting and increased sensorium
27
normal transillumination of the skull
2 cm halo of light in frontoparietal | 1 cm halo of light in occipital
28
abnormal transillumination of the skull
uniform transillumination = thinned or absent cortex (+) setting sun sign = hydrocephaly decreased area of transillumination = subdural hematoma
29
what to look out for in palpation of the spine
sacrum and coccyx present (sacral agenesis) spina bifida occulta (hairy or pigmented patch over lower spine) sacrococcygeal pit
30
when is babies eyesight 20/20
6 mos
31
when can visual acuity be tested
>4 yo
32
how to test visual field
toys to get attention
33
how to test oculomotor system
doll's eye maneuver | toys
34
how to test cn 7
smiling and crying
35
when can infants localize sound
6 mos
36
t/f muscle fasciculations & atrophy are best demonstrated in tongue
true
37
tremors at rest signal __
cns disease
38
signs of hypotonic infant
supine: frog leg posture suspended in prone: limbs and head hang limply like rag doll resting posture: extended elbows, hips, and knees (should be flexed)
39
when does hypertonia decrease
after 3 mos
40
what is gowers sign
pushing up unto one's legs otherwise being unable to rise
41
characteristics of tetanus
acute onset hypertonia, painful muscular contractions | generalized muscle spasms
42
spasticity vs rigidity
spasticity: umn, clasp-knife phenomenon rigidity: extrapyramidal, cogwheel rigitiy
43
most reliable reflexes
biceps, knee, and ankle jerk
44
normal clonus in childdren
< 3 mo: 5-10 beats | older children: 1-2 beats
45
primitive reflexes
moro reflex (falling head) grasp reflex asymmetric tonic neck reflex (fencing) parachute reflex (falling trunk)