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FMGE decks > Pedia > Flashcards

Pedia Flashcards

1
Q

pediatrics age cover?

A

0-18 years

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2
Q

neonate age?

A

0-28 days

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3
Q

early neonate age?

A

0-7 days

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4
Q

infant age?

A

28days-1 yr

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5
Q

adolescent age?

A

10 yrs-19 yrs

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6
Q

normal weight of newborn?

A

2.5 to 4 kg

avg indian- 3 kg

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7
Q

MCC of neonatal mortality in india?

A

Prematurity (due to surfactant deficiency)

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8
Q

surfactant in amniotic fluid and lungs?

A

AF- 28 WKS
LUNGS- 33-35 WKS

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9
Q

Which problem in polyhydroamnios mother babies?

A

TEF (tracheoeso. fistula)

Type C> A>D (GROSS CLASSIFICATION)

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10
Q

No gas in abdomen in which type of TEF?

A

A AND B

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11
Q

What problem in babies with oligohydroamnios mother?

A

Potter sequence
(renal agenesis)

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12
Q

expected weight of a 1 yr old baby?

A

10 kg

2 yr- 12kg
3 yr- 14kg
4 - 16kg
5 yr- 18kg….

Imp- weight doubles by 5 months and triples by 1 year

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13
Q

normal length at birth?

A

50 cm

1 yr- 75 cm
4 yrs- 100 cm (doubles)
12 yrs- 150 cm (triples)

height formula- age*6+77

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14
Q

normal head circumf.?

A

35 cm

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15
Q

newborn after 5 days looses 10% of body wt. in 1st week of life and by 10th day it regains

A

just read

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16
Q

US:LS RATIO AT BIRTH?

A

1.7:1

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17
Q

AT 7 YEARS, US:LS RATIO?

A

1:1

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18
Q

decreased US:LS in which ds?

A

spinal pathologies (kyphoscoliosis, tb spine, alagille/marfan syndrome, spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia)

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19
Q

increased US:LS?

A

rickets, hypothyrodism, achondroplasia

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20
Q

GENE MUTATION FOR ACHONDROPLASIA?

A

FGFR 3

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21
Q

MICROCEPHALY definition?

A

Head circumf.- <-3 SD

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22
Q

macrocephaly definition?

A

> 2 SD

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23
Q

1st carpal bone to appear in baby?

A

Capitate - by 2 months

hamate by 3 months

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24
Q

last carpal bone to appear in baby?

A

pisiform

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25
Q

which xray to be used to determine bone age of newborn?

A

Knee xray

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26
Q

which method is used in xray to determine bone age?

A

grulick pyle atlas and tanner whitehouse method

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27
Q

what is dental formula?

A

2123/2123 I C PM M

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28
Q

first and last primary teeth?

A

FIRST- lower central incisor
LAST- M2 AFTER 18 MONTHS

29
Q

first and last permanent teeth?

A

FIRST- first molar M1 by 6-7 yrs

LAST- M3 AFTER 18 YEARS

30
Q

define delayed dentition?

A

no teeth by 13 months

31
Q

causes of delayed dentition?

A

Familial
Rickets
Idiopathic — MC
Endocrine
Down syndr
Cleidocranial dystosis (absent clavicle)
Progeria

32
Q

supernumeray teeth location and causes?

A

location- incisor

causes- Cleft lip
cleft palate
cleidocranial dystosis
gardener syndrome

33
Q

causes of natal (newborn) teeth?

A

Rx- wait and watch

causes- Pierre robin syndorme

Ellis van creuvald syndrome

epidermolysis bullosa

sotos syndrome

34
Q

SMR Staging in Tanners chart?

A

revise it

for boys- penis length increases in stage 2

penis girth increases in stage 4

for girls-

breast general developement in stage 3

nipple and areola visible in stage 4

35
Q

first puberty changes in girl?

36
Q

last puberty change in girl?

37
Q

first puberty change in boys?

A

testicular enlargement

38
Q

last puberty changes in boys?

A

facial hairs

39
Q

total sutures and total fontanelle in newborn?

40
Q

last fontanelle to close?

A

anterior (8-18 months)

41
Q

metopic suture prematue fusion?

A

trigonocephaly

42
Q

coronal sutute preclosure?

A

brachycephaly

43
Q

sagital suture preclosure?

A

scaphocephaly or dolicocephaly

44
Q

lamboid suture preclosure?

A

plagiocephaly

45
Q

cri du chat syndrome?

A

5p deletion

high pitch cry like cat

46
Q

edward syndrome?

A

trisomy 18

rocker bottom feet
overlapping digits
cardiac defects (vsd— also seen in infant of diabetic mother)
kidney defects
microcephaly
mental retardation

47
Q

rubinstein taybi syndrome?

A

great toe deviation
Mental retard.
ASD

48
Q

Turner syndrome features?

A

Female pt. with webbed neck; short stature with widely spaced nipples

infertile ovaries

45 XO

intelligence normal

mc congenital heart ds- bicuspid aortic valve

mcc death- coarctation of aorta

49
Q

Noonan syndrome?

A

male with webbed neck

heart ds- pulm. stenosis

50
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome?

A

small eyes, microcephaly, thin upper lip and smooth philtrum

51
Q

Galactosemia features?

A

oil drop cataract

breast feeding is absolutely C/I

absence of GALT enzyme

what to feed?- low lactose formula feeding

52
Q

some gene mutations to remember…

A

TCOF1- treacher collin syndrome

ATP7B- WILSON DS.

ATP7A- MENKE DS.— KINKY HAIR

FGFR3- ACHONDROPLASIA

FGFR2- CROUZON SYNDR.

FGFR1- PFEIFFER SYND.

ABCC2- DUBIN JOHNSON

PTPN11- NOONAN SYNDR

MECP2- RETT SYNDR. (ACQUIRED MICROCEPHALY, HAND WRINGING MOVEMENT)— DRUG- Torfenitide

GABRA1- JUVENILE MYOCLONIC EPILEPSY

SLC39A4- Zn DEFICIENCY (ACRODERMATITIS ENTEROPATHICA)

53
Q

short stature def.?

A

ht< 3rd percentile or <-2SD

54
Q

physiological SS(short stature) def.?

A

mid parental heightpathol

55
Q

pathological SS?

A
  1. proportionate- US:LS RATIO NORMAL
  2. DISPROPORTIONATE- DEC. US:LS RATIO
    INC. US:LS RATIO
56
Q

MCC OF SHORT STATURE?

A

Constitutional delay

57
Q

target height achieved in which SS?

A

Constitutional SS

but not achieved in Familial SS WHILE BIRTH weight and birth length in both are normal

58
Q

BA<CA IN WHICH DS.?

A
  1. CONSITITUTIONAL SS
    HYPOTHYRODISM
    MALNUTRION
59
Q

BA=CA IN WHICH DS.?

A

Familial SS

60
Q

BA>CA IN WHICH DS?

A

PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY

BREKINTH WIDEMAN SYNDROME

61
Q

JOURNEY OF MILESTONES…

A

NECK HOLDING- 3 MONTHS

ROLL OVER- 6 MONTHS

SITTING WITH SUPPORT- 6M

SITTING WITHOUT SUPPORT- 8M

STANDING WITH SUPPORT- 9M

CRUISING- around the furniture– 9-12 M

PIVOTING- turn around to pick the objects— 9-12 M

STANDING WITHOUT SUPPORT- 12 M

WALK WITH 1 HAND HELD- 12-13M

INDEPENDENTLY WALK- 15 M

RUNNING- 18 M

OPEN THE DOORS OF ALMIRAH- 18 M

TURN 2-3 PAGES AT A TIME- 18M

TURN 1 PAGE AT A TIME- 24 M

15M- POINTING AND INDICATING WET PANTS

18M- DOMESTIC MIMICRY AND DRY BY DAY

DRY BY NIGHT- 36 M

NOCTURNAL ENURESIS AGE- >5 YEARS Rx- Alarm/motivational therapy
DOC- Desmopressin

BABY knows its full name, age and sex- 3 years

toilet alone- 4 years

62
Q

Mother tells doctor that baby is not breast feeding properly. What would be the first step?

A

check for signs of good attachment—– chin touching the breast, mouth wide open with fullness of cheeks, lower lip everted out and upper areola exposed out

63
Q

Breast feeding after how much time in Normal Vaginal Delivery AND LSCS?

A

ASAP and within 4 hours in LSCS

64
Q

breast feeding week?

A

1-7 August

65
Q

Absolute contraindications of breast feeding?

A

Lactose intolerance and Galactosemia

mother- chemo/radiotherapy and HSV infected mother

66
Q

breast milk is rich in?

A

AC room- vit A and C

67
Q

breast milk is deficient in?

A

vit D, K and B12

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