Ped Final Flashcards by Sara Moss

Which one of the following is not a key feature of the CO-OP approach?

Answers:
A. Client-chosen goals
B. Guided discovery
C. Intervention format
D. Independence
E. Enabling principles

D. Independence

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why is ensuring the engagement of the child in the learning process important in successfully implementing cognitive approaches?

Answers:
A. The child will reflect and interpret information for lifelong learning.
B. The child will not be bored and will pay better attention to details.
c. The child will follow the rules more consistently.
D. The child will meet the teacher’s and parent’s expectations.

A. The child will reflect and interpret information for lifelong learning.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the global problem-solving strategy used in the CO-OP approach to help facilitate the child’s learning?

Answers:
A Goal, do, try, check
B. Plan, execute, check, revise
C. Goal, plan, do, check
d. Goal, plan, try, check

C. Goal, plan, do, check

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the four stages of the CO-OP approach?

Answers:
A (1) Goal setting; (2) global cognitive strategy: (3) domain-specific cognitive strategy use; and (4) skill acquisition

B. (1) Skill acquisition; (2) global cognitive strategy use; (3) transfer and generalization; and (4) dynamic performance analysis

C. (1) Skill acquisition; (2) cognitive strategy use; (3) generalization; and (4) transfer of learning

D. (1) Skill acquisition; (2) cognitive strategy use; (3) performance analysis; and (4) transfer of learning

C. (1) Skill acquisition; (2) cognitive strategy use; (3) generalization; and (4) transfer of learning

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why should the therapist evaluate the child’s occupational performance before, during, and after completing the CO-OP intervention protocol?

Answers:
A. It provides the child with repetitive practice.
B. It allows the therapist to rewrite goals.
c. It provides parents with data for billing purposes.
D. It promotes evidence-informed practice.

D. It promotes evidence-informed practice.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why should children participate in cognitive interventions?

Answers.
A. The positive outcomes of cognitive approaches to occupational-therapy interventions have been well researched with a number of different
client populations
B. Therapists do not need any additional training in order to administer cognitive interventions; therefore, it is more practical for clinical practice.
C. Research has shown that children who participate in cognitive interventions demonstrate a higher level of self-efficacy, skill retention,
generalization, and transfer.
D. (a) and (c)

D. (a) and (c)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Research has shown that the CO-OP approach can only be used as an intervention for children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD).

Answer:
True
False

False

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define Scaffolding and how it used with children

Emphasizes communication between adults and children in an effort to develop internal dialogue

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe each step of the Goal, Plan, Do, Check global cognitive strategy by Meichenbaum.

Goal- Set goals with the student/client-their goals
Plan-What steps are required to meet that goal
Do-The steps to actively meet the goal
Check-Reassess-did it work or are chances needed

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Choose two domain specific MENTAL or SELF VERBALIZATION Strategies and describe how they are used with children

Self coaching, Self guidance, self questioning, Imagery, Association, Rote-script, Elaboration, Mnemonic Techniques, Rehearsal, Reconstruction,
Anticipation, Knowledge, Translation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Neural Plasticity is the process of simple and less complex behavioral patterns emerging to assist in adapting to new responses.

Answers:
True
False

False

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sensory Integration matures rapidly over the first 7-10 years of life.

Answers:
True
False

True

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Body Centered Senses that mature earlier than other senses are:

Answers:
A. Tactile, Visual, and Vestibular
B. Tactile, Proprioceptive, and Auditory
C. Proprioceptive, Auditory, and Visual
D. Proprioceptive, Tactile, and Vestibular

D. Proprioceptive, Tactile, and Vestibular

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe the “Just Right Challenge” to meet a child’s inner drive.

Matches the child’s developmental skills, reasonable challenge, not too easy, not too difficult, engages the child

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name Two Sensory questionnaires (unstandardized) used in assessing sensory integration needs

The Sensory Profile
The Sensory Processing Measure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name the Seven Sensory Systems and what they look like if under responsive and if over responsive

Sound, Taste, Smell, Vision, Touch, Proprioception, Vestibular

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

You have a 6 year old child that shows tendencies of being over responsive to touch. The kindergarten class is doing a finger painting activity today. How can the OT assist this child in participating in this class activity?

Use gloves, Use a paint brush, Use a sponge brush, put the paint in a baggie then squeeze it on to the paper.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which statement is true regarding the incidence of cerebral palsy?

Answer:
A Rare and infrequent
B. 1 in 2,000 births
C. 1 in 500 births
D. 2 in 100 births

C. 1 in 500 births

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What Is not a cause of cerebral palsy in children?
Answers:
A. Prenatal maternal infection
B. Low birth weight
C. Socioeconomic status
D. Multiple pregnancies

c Socioeconomic status

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which approach has the most evidence to support its use in occupational therapy for children with cerebral palsy?

Answer:
A Neurodevelopmental treatment
B. Motor control and Motor Learning
C. Neurosensorimotor reflex integration
D. Biomechanical

B. Motor control and Motor Learning

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which postural reflex realigns the head with the body?

Answer:
A. Equilibrium
B. Primitive reflexes
C. Protective extension
D. Righting

D. Righting

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which type of movement disorder and distribution is most prevalent?

Answers.
A. Dyskinetic; quadriplegic, all four extremities
B. Spastic; diplegic, legs>arms
C. Spastic; hemiplegic, one side arm>leg
D. Spastic; quadriplegic, all four extremities

B. Spastic; diplegic, legs>arms

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which statement best reflects why children with cerebral palsy may have speech and language problems?

Answer:
a. Hemiplegla affecting one side of the body
B Lesions affecting frontal lobe
C. Lesions affecting primary motor and temporal lobe
D Low intelligence owing to cerebral palsy

c. Lesions affecting primary motor and temporal lobe

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name 4 Secondary impairments to Cerebral Palsy

chronic pain
Intellectual impairment
Unable to walk
Speech deficits
Epilepsy
Behavior disorder
Bladder incontinence
Sleep disorder
Vision impairment
Inability to eat orally
Hearing impairment
Sensory functions

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is most important in therapist to consider when providing families with home programs Answers. A. Family routines and habits B. Parent's occupation and roles C. Inclusion of siblings in programming D. Availability of resources and supports

A. Family routines and habits

What is the first step in providing child a family-centered care? Answers. A. Evaluating the child's physical performance needs B. Identifying the concerns of the child and family C. Determining the assessment to administer D. Developing goals and objectives based on the doctor's orders

B. Identifying the concerns of the child and family

As part of an early intervention evaluation, the OR evaluated a child in the child's natural environment to assist in developing which of the following? Answers: A lEP B. LRE C Enhancements D. IFSP

D. IFSP

What key information is included in the IFSP (Individualized Family Service Plan)? Answers: A. Intelligence quotient, present level of development, outcomes, and service coordinator B. Goals, type of services, providers, service location. frequency. duration. and transition plan C. Insurance information, child's natural environments. family's address. and service providers D. Child's medical information, emergency contacts. outcomes for therapy, projected dates

B. Goals, type of services, providers, service location, frequency. duration. and transition plan

According to IDEA, what is the main purpose of occupational therapy within the school system? Answers: A. Enhance function in play/leisure, work, and self-care. B. Improve hand skill development for tool usage. C. Diminish symptoms related to the student's disability. D. Enhance the child's functional ability in his or her role as a student in academic and nonacademic tasks

D. Enhance the child s functional ability in his or her role as a student in academic and nonacademic tasks

According to IDEA, the IEP must include several components. Which of the following is not a required component of the lEP? Answer: A. Measurable annual goals in areas of need B. Determination of special education and related services of which the child needs to accomplish the goals and objectives (including frequency) C. Present levels of educational performance (academic and nonacademic) D. A list of family concerns and needs

D. A list of family concerns and needs

A high school student, identified as having an anxiety disorder, struggles with the stress associated with large assignments. All of the following statements are true except Answers: A. the student would benefit from a 504 plan to adapt the academic expectations. B. the occupational therapist should write an IEP. C. the occupational therapist can help the teacher modify academic expectations to reduce stress. D. the occupational therapist may educate students about stress reduction techniques.

B. the occupational therapist should write an IEP.

What type of intervention is provided in the following? The occupational therapist works with a child in the OT office each morning in preparation of the regular lesson. Answer: A. Pull out B. Consultative C. Integrative D. Indirect

A Pull out

Which activity is not considered part of occupational therapy in the school system? Answers. A. Feeding and eating at lunchtime B. Passive ROM to prevent contractures C. Strengthening for posture to sit at a desk D. Putting on a coat for recess

B. Passive ROM to prevent contractures

Mark is a fifth-grade student who has learning difficulties. The team members would like him to be placed in a regular classroom for most of his classes. However they are not sure that he will be able to keep up with the requirements. What must the team consider to make this placement? Answers. A. Least restrictive environment B. Cost of special education C. Number of children in the classroom D. Teacher's expertise and training

A. Least restrictive environment

The occupational therapist is making a home visit to a family in a rural community. The grandmother, mother, and mother's sister are present dung the session, with the grandmother bottle-feeding the 8-month-old infant when the therapist arrives. The occupational therapist is there to work with the family to develop the child's motor skills What initial action should the therapist take? Answers: A. Wait until the child finishes eating for the mother to begin therapy with the child in order to work on motor skill development. B. Engage the caregivers in conversation about the child and progress the child has made since the last therapy visit C. Focus the treatment session on feeding skills to incorporate the natural routine of the family. D. Reschedule the child's therapy session due to concern that motor activities are contraindicated immediately after bottle-feeding.

B. Engage the caregivers in conversation about the child and progress the child has made since the last therapy visit

Define LRE and what are it's benefits?

Least Restrictive Environment; Assists child in participating in areas where all children can engage

Name Five diagnoses that may make a child eligible for Special Education and related services under IDEA?

* Mental retardation (intellectual deficit) * Hearing impairments (including deafness) * Speech or language impairments * Visual impairments (including blindness) * serous emotional disturbance (E) * Orthopedic impairments * Autism * Traumatic brain injury * Other health impairments (ADD/ADHD) or specific learning disabilities * Multiple disabilities

What are AYP and PLOP?

Adequate Yearly Progress Present Level of Performance

Which characteristic is not one that is common in play? Answer: A. Extrinsic motivation B. Freedom to suspend reality C. Fun D. Internal control

A. Extrinsic motivation

Current theories of play, including those developed through animal research suggest that play may be vitally important for Answers: A. managing novelty and problem solving B regulating emotion and stress C. enhance motor learning through variability D. all of these

D. all of these

Which statement is not an essential criteria for a behavior to be referred to as play? Answers: A Behavior produces an end product B. Behavior changes over time. C. Behavior is initiated when one is relaxed. D. Behavior is spontaneous, voluntary, or pleasurable.

A Behavior produces an end product

Which set of factors inhibits play? Answer: A. sate atmosphere, nonintrusive adults, fun environment B. Freedom from stress, novelty, opportunities to make choices C. Familiar peers, toys and other materials, freedom of choice D. Too much novelty, limited choices, over-competition

D. Too much novelty, limited choices, over-competition

In considering play as an occupation, therapists consider the form, function, meaning, and context. If a therapist was describing categories or types of play, or the general developmental progression of skills in play, the therapist would be speaking about the of play. Answer: A. form B. function C. meaning D. context

A. form

You are treating a 4-year-old boy with poor strength and endurance. You play a game of building a castle tower using large boxes filled with beanbags. You allow the child to take breaks but decrease the time for the breaks each week. How are you using play in this treatment session? Answers: A. As a tool to increase cognition B. As a reward to gain compliance with the activity C. As an occupation D. As a tool to increase strength and endurance

D. As a tool to increase strength and endurance

Which characteristics of play are found in children who have been environmentally deprived? Answers. A. Playfulness, creativity, increased endurance and movement B. Regression, increased social play, decreased anxiety C. Self-stimulation, decreased social play, limited repertoire of play D. Creativity, increased social play, increased verbalizations

C. Self-stimulation, decreased social play, limited repertoire of play

Which technique would a therapist not use to help facilitate playfulness? Answers: A. Read child's cues B. Demonstrate spontaneity C. Display creativity D. Be strict in applying rules

D. Be strict in applying rules

The use of activity analysis as an assessment tool in pediatric occupational therapy involves Answers: A. Refraining from identifying steps of the activity until the end B. Determining the activity demands C. Minimizing natural observations which may introduce unnecessary complexity and cloud the clinician's judgment. D. Using the results to guide the selection of a frame of reference.

B. Determining the activity demands

What is it called when the occupational therapists provide a child with a built-up handle spoon Answer. A. Analyzing B. Grading C. Modifying D. Remediating

C. Modifying

Which statement BEST describes which elements are included in activity analysis in pediatric practice? Answers. A. Steps of the activity and required client factors B. Required performance skills and context C. Steps of the activity, required client factors, required performance skills, and context D. Steps of the activity and personal relevance

c. Steps of the activity, required client factors, required performance skills, and context

Yolanda helps a child succeed at riding a tricycle, by adding enlarged footrests to strap in her feet and giving the child a little push from behind. Yolanda makes sure the chid has a pathway free of obstacles so she does not have to turn. What is this called in occupational therapy? Answers. A. Analyzing B. Grading C. Remediation D. Teaching to the task

B. Grading

How are models of practice and frames of reference used with activity observation and analysis Answers. A. Occupational therapists do not use the frame of reference unless they are not sure how to proceed. B. The activity analysis and observation are completed independently of models of practice and frames of reference C. They are not used in the observational analysis but may inform intervention D. They provide a theoretical perspective and structure to focus on the observation and analysis

D. They provide a theoretical perspective and structure to focus on the observation and analysis

Which of the following observations addresses body functions for donning a jacket? Answers: A. Cognitive functions: Recognize the need to locate the top of the jacket. Understand that the visual markers indicate the top of the jacket, insight for a reason to out on a lack B. Movement functions: Voluntary control for reach, grasp, and sustained left UE position. C. Postural stability: Hold body upright in standing or sitting. D. Time: During cold seasons; prior to going outside; approximately 10 seconds to complete

A. Cognitive functions: Recognize the need to locate the top of the jacket. Understand that the visual markers indicate the top of the jacket, insight for a reason to out on a lack

Stan is having trouble waiting his turn at preschool and he gets upset when he must come in from recess. Which modification may help Stan with his emotional responses to waiting his turn and coming in from recess? Answers: A. Decrease his choices until he behaves. B. Do not allow him to go to recess until he behaves C. Incorporate his interests and strengths into his day D. Give him his way consistently

C. Incorporate his interests and strengths into his day

Which statement does not reflect a strategy for building skill in activity and observational analysis? Answers: A. Consciously attend to details. B. It will come with time C. Practice D. use worksheets

B. It will come with time

What is the difference between task and activity analysis? Answers A. There is no difference B. Task analysis identifies the steps that need to be completed. C. Activity analysis includes barriers, supports, activity demands, and contexts D Task analysis only looks at motor, whereas activity analysis looks at it all

C. Activity analysis includes barriers, supports, activity demands, and contexts

How are the two primary types of activity analysis in occupational therapy differentiated? Answers A Physical and psychiatric activities (health) B. Common and specific form of the activity c. Pediatric and adult form of the activity (development) D. Daily life and therapeutic/clinical activities

B. Common and specific form of the activity

How does a norm-referenced test differ from a criterion-referenced test? Answers: a. Number and type of test items b. Comparison of scores with an age-matched sample c. Requirement of examiner qualifications d. Length of time needed for administration

b. Comparison of scores with an age-matched sample

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a standardized test? Answers: a. Uniform procedure for administration b. Fixed number of items c. Standard format for reporting results d. Specific scoring protocol

c. Standard format for reporting results

What is a possible reason for low inter-rater reliability on a standardized test? Answers: a. Poor compliance with testing procedures b. Large item set c. Variable test performance by the examinee d. Difficulty of test items

a. Poor compliance with testing procedures

Why is it important to discuss a child's test performance with parents, teachers, or both? Answers: a. To determine whether the child had a positive testing experience b. To obtain others' opinions of the testing results c. To evaluate the representative and relative importance of the child's performance d. To inform them that testing has been completed

c. To evaluate the representative and relative importance of the child's performance

Which of the following would compromise a standard testing protocol? Answers: a Completing the testing in two sessions b. Giving a bathroom or snack break c. Allowing additional practice on items d. Praising the child's effort and attention

c. Allowing additional practice on items

How are results on a standardized assessment best reported to parents and teachers? Answers: a. Simply present the scores and interpret them literally; do not add any comments about the child's behavior b. Use medical abbreviations throughout the documentation c. Provide statistics and do not interpret data. Allow parents to make their own conclusions d. Use simple professional language and explain findings and interpretations clearly

d. Use simple professional language and explain findings and interpretations clearly

Standardized tests characteristically include a test manual that describes the purpose of the test, and should also describe Answers: a. Intended population b. Technical information about the test c. Detailed information about administration, scoring, and interpretation of the test scores d. All of the above

d. All of the above

The consistency or stability of scores obtained by one individual when tested on two different occasions describes Answer: a. Reliability b. Validity c. Interpretation d. Norms

a. Reliability

The extent to which a test measures what it claims it measures describes Answers: a. Reliability b. Validity c. Interpretation d. Norms

b. Validity

What is the chronologic age of a child who was tested on June 2, 2014, and born on August 5, 2011? Answers: a. 2 years, 10 months b. 3 years c. 3 years, 9 months d. 2 years, 11 months

a. 2 years, 10 months

Occurs within support contexts that lead to improvement in occupational competence, health and wellness, and quality of life Answers: a. Critical period b. Development of occupational performance c. Neuroplasticity d. Emotional regulation

b. Development of occupational performance

Encompasses all of the contexts that are supporting or facilitating a child's occupational performance, that is, technology, globalism, Answers: a. Neurogenesis b. Language exposure c. Top down approach d. Health and wellness

c. Top down approach

The time during brain maturation where exposure to environmental stimuli and participation in occupations have a peak effect on development and learning describes Answers: a. Critical periods b. The human experience c. Synaptic pruning d. Emotional regulation

a. Critical periods

Refers to performance of action patterns that emerge from the interaction and cooperation of many systems, both internal and external to the child Answer: a. Prenatal development b. Neuroplasticity c. Alternative trajectories d. Dynamic systems theory

d. Dynamic systems theory

Infants are born with the ability to see, hear, communicate, and respond motorically through reflexes Answers: True False

True

The structures of the brain including cell birth, migration, cell differentiation, and cell maturation occur during this period Answers: a Prenatal b. Birth to 1 month c. 4 months d. 6 months

a. Prenatal

These types of activities (occupations) require children to problem-solve and adapt in flexible natural environments, and promote neuroplasticity Answers a. Motor b. Cognitive c. Multisensory d. Community

c. Multisensory

The period of development in which there is a focus on school-based tasks and peer relationships is Answers: a. Infancy b. Early childhood c. Middle childhood d. Adolescence

c. Middle childhood

Activities that usually require dexterity, bilateral coordination, and motor planning such as putting puzzles together, building towers, and cutting out complex designs are acquired during this period Answers a. Infant to toddler b. Preschool c. Middle childhood d. Adolescence

b. Preschool

Refers to the creation of new neural synapses, dendritic sprouting, or improved neural connections in the brain Answer: a. Neuroplasticity b. Occupational performance c. Bioecological model d. Emotional regulation

a. Neuroplasticity

Emphasizes the importance of context on child development, and explains the interactactions between many systems as influencing a child's occupational participation and performance Answers: a. Neuroplasticity b. Occupational performance c. Bioecological model d. Emotional regulation

c. Bioecological model

Integral to child development and initially consists of caretakers participating in the same occupation as the child to help the child develop skills Answers: a, Relationships b. Play activities c. Occupations d. Co-occupations

d. Co-occupations

"occurs when adolescents perceive their leisure experiences as not sufficient to satisfy their need for optimal arousal" Answers: a Occupation b. Overscheduling c. Work d. Burnout

d. Burnout

An essential occupation of childhood; provides a means for enhancing functional performance Answers. a. Physical activity b. Friendships c. Play d. Lifestyle

c. Play

Can lead to lack of attention, irritability, and behavioral outbursts in children; is associated with obesity, school problems, and decreased daytime functioning Answers: a. Cognitive impairment b. Illiteracy c. Rest and sleep deprivation d. Learning disabilities

c. Rest and sleep deprivation

Name 7 types of therapeutic STYLES of working with pediatric clients and their families

Formal Informal Task oriented Flexible Approachable relaxed serious

intentional Relationship Model is made of what six Modes of Therapeutic Use of Self. List and describe each one

advocating collaborating Empathizing Encouraging Instructing Problem-solving

Name one important element of Body Language (within Therapeutic Use of Self) when working with families and children

Posture Mannerisms Movement Eve contact Touch

What is the first step in providing child- and family-centered care? Answers: a. Evaluating the child's physical performance needs b. Identifying concerns of the child and family c. Determining the assessment to administer d. Developing goals and objectives based on the doctor's orders

b. Identifying concerns of the child and family

What is meant by a "top-down" approach to assessment? Answers: a. The evaluation process begins by assessing the child's participation in daily occupations b. The evaluation begins by assessing performance such as the child's range of motion and strength c. The evaluation must first include a standardized evaluation d. A targeted evaluation is used in which the therapist first determines what performance component (e.g., balance) is interfering with function (e.g., gross motor skills)

a. The evaluation process begins by assessing the child's participation in daily occupations

Which of the following strategies exemplifies a family-centered approach? Answers: a. Occupational therapy (OT) services are offered in the clinic on Monday and Wednesday morning b. OT services are provided in the home, child care center, or clinic depending on the family's preference c. OT services respect all Christian holidays because the therapists are Christian in their beliefs d. OTs request that the mother, only, be present during all visits with the child

b. OT services are provided in the home, child care center, or clinic depending on the family's preference

Fostering self-determination and self-efficacy is one important outcome of using what type of approach? Answers: a Family centered b. Inclusive c. Strengths based d Consultative

c. Strengths based

Cultural competency is important for which of the following reasons? Answers: a. The diversity of the United States continues to grow and often cultural shifts happen rapidly b. Parenting styles may vary in different cultures and therapists must be careful to understand and not judge c. Occupational choices may vary in different cultures and therapists must be aware of these differences to provide family-centered care d. All of these

d. All of these

An important aspect of pediatric occupational therapy practice is the use of theory. Theory helps the practitioners to Answers: a. Understand and predict the behaviors and occupational performance of children and families to guide clinical decision making b. Provide specific answers to exactly which intervention strategy to use in a pertain situation c. Provide a rationale for any ineffective clinical decisions that we make d. Document our expertise when discussing our clinical decisions with families

a. Understand and predict the behaviors and occupational performance of children and families to guide clinical decision making

To create the "Just Right Challenge" for treatment activities, the OTA must consider which of the following items: Answers: A Engage and motivate the child B. Match the child's developmental skills c. Match the child's interests D. All of the above

D. All of the above

The first and second steps of the OT process in pediatric practice are: Answer: A. Evaluation and Treatment plan B. Referral and Evaluation c. Referral and Consultation with the parents D. Goal setting and treatment plan

B. Referral and Evaluation

The pediatric occupational therapist's skill with activity analysis and observation allows for the provision of which types of 2 interventions? Answers: a. Modifying of tasks b. Modifying of environments and contexts c. Modifying of expectations d. All of the above

d. All of the above

An important aspect of pediatric occupational therapy is the active engagement of the child in therapy. This engagement is fostered through a variety of means including Answers: a. Provision of choice and incorporation of meaningful goals for the child b. Use of extrinsic rewards and reinforcement provided by an adult c. Inclusion of very difficult challenges for the child that are created by an adult d. Altering the environment to allow access to physically challenging activities

a. Provision of choice and incorporation of meaningful goals for the child

Occupation-centered practice models are useful for Answers a. Choosing the specific assessment tools to use in an evaluation b. Explaining what strategies to use during intervention c. Guiding a therapist's clinical reasoning for assessment and intervention d. Informing the public what occupational therapists do

c. Guiding a therapist's clinical reasoning for assessment and intervention

One concept that is considered paramount in all of the occupation-centered practice models is the strong influence of relation to human occupation Answers: a. Culture b. Context c. Motivation d. Social interaction

b. Context

Alec has an upper extremity weakness. The OTP provides 4-year-old Alec with a lightweight bat and a tee stand so he can play more easily with his friends. The OTP is using which frame of reference? Answers a. Motor learning b. Biomechanical c. Developmental d. Cognitive behavioral

b. Biomechanical

When using the dynamic system's theory to guide practice, the OTP carefully selects an activity with high meaningfulness and purposefulness. Practice of the same activity in different contexts is also important. Why is this varied practice important? a. It keeps the therapist from becoming bored b. The child is able to do more practice if the activity and context are slightly varied c. It ensures that few errors are made during practice because something different is expected each time d. It helps the child generalize the skills to different contexts

d. It helps the child generalize the skills to different contexts

Which of the following best defines the goal of therapeutic handling as used in neurodevelopmental therapy with a young child with cerebral palsy? Answers. a. To facilitate more movements and more range of movement b. To improve sensory perception and sensory processing, particularly tactile and proprioception c. To facilitate postural control and normal movement synergies, and to inhibit or constrain motor patterns that if practiced could lead to secondary deformities and dysfunction d. To improve range of motion and strength

c. To facilitate postural control and normal movement synergies, and to inhibit or constrain motor patterns that if practiced could lead to secondary deformities and dysfunction