PED Flashcards
AAS (2)
Anabolic Androgenic steroids:
modified steroids to allow for desired results (keep anabolic effect + reduce androgenic effect)
How do you increase the no. of RBC’s?
EPO - erythropoietin (blood doping)
EPO background (4)
- Erythropoietin - a glycoprotein hormone
- Promotes red blood cell production
- Naturally made in kidneys
- In clinic to treat anemia
Chronic kidney disease,
Cancer chemotherapy,
HIV therapy
Who is using anabolic steroids? (3)
Sprinters/runners, bodybuilders, athletics
AAS is associated w/ xyz when used to just gain strength + inc. size (3)
Associated with increased aggression, violence, criminality etc
How are anabolic steroids taken? (4)
in the form of
tablets: 2 tabs/ day for period of usage (in cycles of 2-3months, break for 4mnths and then new cycle)
injectables: intramuscular = forms oily depot in the muscle = steroid released for a long time several days-wks)
What are the desirable effects of AAS? (4)
§ Increased muscular mass
§ Increased muscular strength
§ Increased energy
§ Increased self-esteem
what are the physical effects of anabolic steroids? (5)
§ Gynecomastia
§ Baldness
§ Striae
§ Testicular atrophy
§ Cardiovascular diseases
Common steroids on the market from T (3)
T
Nandrolone (-1methyl group)
Methandrostenolone (+ double bond = inc. muscular effect + affinity for androgen r)
Stanozolol (milder)
T metabolism in 2 ways (2)
1) 5 alpha reductase = DHT (more potent)
2) aromatase = oestrogen (more feminine effects)
Testosterone vs. nandrolone – steroid metabolism (n benefits) (3)
1) T undergoes both met.
2) N uses both but:
- e2 = 5% less effective in generating it = reduced side effects
- creates DHnandrolone metabolite too = inactive: theres no 5 alpha in muscles = no androgenic effects in muscles (DHN), just prostate (DHT)
What aspects do you need to conserve of AAS?
D ring: if oxidised = lose activity
T administration modification for conservation of effects (2)
injections: need to modify by adding affinity acid chain w/ ester link + long C side chain = oily depot
orally: need to protect hydroxy group to avoid liver metab. of it = add methyl group next to hydroxyl
Estrogen + progest mixed contraceptive protection of hydroxyl: (3)
to protect hydroxl group: add ethynyl group = ethinylestrodiol
all contraceptives will have this
if used locally (cream) - no need for ethynyl group
Oral steroids – so called 17a-alkylated steroids (2)
all have methyl group added except
Methenolone (probs wont be oxidised in liver metab)
After 12wks of usage of AAS what happens? and What else is recc. to reduce this? (3)
after 12wks: T + FHS + LH depleted + not produced = sterile
hCG (like FSH/LH) given to help kickstart T stim. + production
Beside steroids and HCG, substances reducing side effects are recommended
How do you avoid oestrogenic effects from AAS/T? (2)
Oestrogen antagonist s
Aromatase inhibitors
Different Ester +’s and -‘s (2)
long esters = slower to get out into bloodstream but will last longer
short esters = quicker into bloodstream but finishes quicker
Androgen r’s (3)
intracellular r
3 domains: Ligand binding, DNA binding + n terminal
they dimerise = interlocking steroid = so it stays for along time
CVD’s:
left ventricular hypertrophy: left ventricle muscle grows + thickens so much = blood cannot pump through = clotting = Heart will work harder = attack = die
Testicular atrophy
HPG axis: AAS starts -ve feedback = shutdown HPG = no sperm production = sterile
What else usually gets used alongside AAS? (8)
§ Anti-estrogens
§ Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
§ Stimulants
§ Analgesics
§ b2-agonists
§ Diuretics
§ Human growth hormone (hGH)
§ IGF-1
Can anabolic steroids cause dependence? 4 factors to consider (4)
§ Drug dependence – DSM 5:
§ Effects on the brain reward system:
– Endorphins, dopamine, GABA etc.
§ Depression
§ Link bw anabolic steroids and opiate addiction
DSM5 rewritten for AAS
withdrawal symptoms - finds that yes you can get dependent
Effects on the brain reward system
in a way all these systems can be affected by AAS - some kind of DA increase over more time + sensitising the system
depression:
stop using AAS : HPG axis is totally messed up - so need to restore that to come back to normal
Euphoria (2)
cant measure
likely to be placebo - knowing the effect of what is to come
The effect of AAS on alcohol intake (2)
AAS desensitised the drug reward system
more alc preference than control - gets out of hand/ loss control - no less water/not more thirsty just drink more - mice
Aggression and violence? (3)
Aggression (verbal, anger etc): defensive- Amgy. heighted , increased competition
Acts of violence - criminality
AAS has an effect on the CNS - less anxious
Link bw anabolic steroids and opiate
addiction
