Pectoral Girdle Flashcards
What does the Clavicle articulate with?
Scapula - Acromial end
Sternum/Manubrium - Sternal end
What shape is the clavicle?
S-shaped
How to identify the superior and interior surface of the clavicle?
the superior surface is smooth
the inferior surface has ‘topography’
how does the clavicle change from each end?
the sternal end is round and bends posteriorly, then flattens out at the acromial end.
what is unique about where the clavicle meets the sternum?
this is a late-fusing epiphysis.
one of the last places to fuse
what is the function/purpose of the clavicle?
acts a strut.
holds the glenohumeral joint
increasing the range movement of the shoulder joint
supportive stresses protects the auxiliary neurovascular bundle.
what attaches to the costal tuberosity of the clavicle?
costoclavicular ligament
what attaches to the conoid tubercle of the clavicle?
conoid ligament
what attaches to the anterior and medial border of the clavicle?
pectoralis major
what attaches to the middle of the posterior border of the clavicle?
sternohyoid
what attaches to the subclavian groove of the clavicle?
subclavius
what attaches to the lateral and posterior border of the clavicle?
trapezius
what attaches to the medial and posterior border of the clavicle?
sternocleidomastoid
what attaches to the lateral and anterior borders of the clavicle?
deltoid
name the 6 surfaces/borders of the clavicle
anterior border
posterior border
superior surface
inferior surface
medial extremity
lateral extremity
what is the nutrient foramen?
a hole usually found on the medial 2/3 of the clavicle
usually single, but can be double
from the suprascapular artery as it passes deep to omohyoid
what are the non-metric traits of the clavicle?
variation on size and shape
variation in the appearance of the costal tuberosity, position of the nutrient foramen and the shape of acromion
function of pectoralis major?
adduction, medial rotation and flexsion of the arm
function of sternohyoid?
depresses hyoid
function of subclavius?
depression of the clavicle
function of trapezius?
elevation, adduction, depression and rotation of scapula
function of sternocleidomastoid?
head rotation and flexion
function of deltoid?
flexion, extension, rotation and abduction of arm
true or false
the clavicle is the most frequently fractured bone in the body?
true
how is the clavicle most commonly fractured?
usually a result following a fall on the outstretched hand or onto the shoulder
how is a clavicle fracture treated?
treatment varies
sometime they are just left to heal, as healing is rapid, but this can cause incompletion or deformations.
total resection is possible, but not always done.
where does the majority of clavicular fractions happen?
80% of all fractures occur at the junction of the two curvatures
what problems can occur from a clavicular fraction?
can cause rupture to the subclavian vessels (resulting in severe haemorrhage) or pneumothorax
articulation of the hyoid bone?
only bone not directly articulating with any other bone
where is the hyoid bone situated?
roughly anterior to C4-5 junction
when can the hyoid bone be fractured?
during manual strangulation
what muscles attach to the hyoid?
digastricus
stylohyoid
mylohyoid
all attach to the to anterior inferior body
landmarks of the hyoid
body
2 pairs of horns - cornua (lesser and greater; fusion during adulthood)
function of digastric?
jaw movements
function of stylohyoid?
tongue elevation
function of mylohyoid?
raises floor of mouth and tongue
what shape is the scapula?
very thin, triangular, concave on the anterior side
what does the scapula articulate with?
humerus at the glenoid fossa/cavity
clavicle at the acromion end
how many surfaces, borders and angles does the scapula have?
2 surfaces
3 borders
3 angles
where does deltoid attach to the scapula?
the lateral acromion and lower border of the spine
where does trapezius attach to the scapula?
acromion
where does biceps brachii attach to the scapula?
supraglenoid tubercle and coracoid process
where does triceps brachii attach to the scapula?
infraglenoid tubercle
where does pectoralis minor attach to the scapula?
coracoid process
where does subscapularis attach to the scapula?
subscapular fossa
where does the infraspinatus attach to the scapula?
infraspinous fossa
where does teres minor attach to the scapula?
axillary border (dorsal surface)
where does teres major attach to the scapula?
axillary border (dorsal surface)
where does serratus anterior attach to the scapula?
vertebral/medial border (anterior)
where does levator scapulae attach to the scapula?
vertebral/medial border (posterior)
where does rhomboideus minor attach to the scapula?
vertebral/medial border (posterior)
where does rhomboideus major attach to the scapula?
vertebral/medial border (posterior)
function of biceps brachii?
supination and flexion of the forearm
function of pectoralis minor?
draws scapula forward/downward
function of subscapularis?
medial rotation of the arm and shoulder stabilization
function of supraspinatus?
adduction of arm
function of infraspinatus?
lateral rotation and abduction of arm
function of teres minor?
lateral rotation, adduction of the arm and stabilization
function of teres major?
medial rotation, adduction and extension of arm
what attaches to the axillary border (dorsal surface) of the scapula?
teres minor
teres major
function of serratus anterior?
rotates/protracts scapula for arm flexion and abduction
function of levator scapulae?
elevation and rotation of scapula
function of rhomboideus minor?
retraction and rotation of scapula?
function of rhomboideus major?
retraction, elevation, stabilization of scapula
what attaches to the vertebral/medial border (posterior)?
levator scapulae
rhomboideus major
rhomboideus minor
non - metric traits of the scapula?
suprascapular foramen or notch - ossification of suprascapular ligament
circumflex sulcus - groove on posteroleteral border
separate (unfused) acromial epiphysis
acromial facet - facet on inferior surface of acromion
acromion shape
inferior angle shape
