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Forensic Osteology > Pectoral Girdle > Flashcards

Pectoral Girdle Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Clavicle articulate with?

A

Scapula - Acromial end
Sternum/Manubrium - Sternal end

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2
Q

What shape is the clavicle?

A

S-shaped

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3
Q

How to identify the superior and interior surface of the clavicle?

A

the superior surface is smooth
the inferior surface has ‘topography’

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4
Q

how does the clavicle change from each end?

A

the sternal end is round and bends posteriorly, then flattens out at the acromial end.

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5
Q

what is unique about where the clavicle meets the sternum?

A

this is a late-fusing epiphysis.
one of the last places to fuse

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6
Q

what is the function/purpose of the clavicle?

A

acts a strut.
holds the glenohumeral joint
increasing the range movement of the shoulder joint
supportive stresses protects the auxiliary neurovascular bundle.

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7
Q

what attaches to the costal tuberosity of the clavicle?

A

costoclavicular ligament

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8
Q

what attaches to the conoid tubercle of the clavicle?

A

conoid ligament

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9
Q

what attaches to the anterior and medial border of the clavicle?

A

pectoralis major

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10
Q

what attaches to the middle of the posterior border of the clavicle?

A

sternohyoid

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11
Q

what attaches to the subclavian groove of the clavicle?

A

subclavius

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12
Q

what attaches to the lateral and posterior border of the clavicle?

A

trapezius

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13
Q

what attaches to the medial and posterior border of the clavicle?

A

sternocleidomastoid

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14
Q

what attaches to the lateral and anterior borders of the clavicle?

A

deltoid

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15
Q

name the 6 surfaces/borders of the clavicle

A

anterior border
posterior border
superior surface
inferior surface
medial extremity
lateral extremity

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16
Q

what is the nutrient foramen?

A

a hole usually found on the medial 2/3 of the clavicle
usually single, but can be double
from the suprascapular artery as it passes deep to omohyoid

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17
Q

what are the non-metric traits of the clavicle?

A

variation on size and shape
variation in the appearance of the costal tuberosity, position of the nutrient foramen and the shape of acromion

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18
Q

function of pectoralis major?

A

adduction, medial rotation and flexsion of the arm

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19
Q

function of sternohyoid?

A

depresses hyoid

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20
Q

function of subclavius?

A

depression of the clavicle

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21
Q

function of trapezius?

A

elevation, adduction, depression and rotation of scapula

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22
Q

function of sternocleidomastoid?

A

head rotation and flexion

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23
Q

function of deltoid?

A

flexion, extension, rotation and abduction of arm

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24
Q

true or false
the clavicle is the most frequently fractured bone in the body?

A

true

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25
Q

how is the clavicle most commonly fractured?

A

usually a result following a fall on the outstretched hand or onto the shoulder

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26
Q

how is a clavicle fracture treated?

A

treatment varies
sometime they are just left to heal, as healing is rapid, but this can cause incompletion or deformations.
total resection is possible, but not always done.

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27
Q

where does the majority of clavicular fractions happen?

A

80% of all fractures occur at the junction of the two curvatures

27
Q

what problems can occur from a clavicular fraction?

A

can cause rupture to the subclavian vessels (resulting in severe haemorrhage) or pneumothorax

28
Q

articulation of the hyoid bone?

A

only bone not directly articulating with any other bone

29
Q

where is the hyoid bone situated?

A

roughly anterior to C4-5 junction

30
Q

when can the hyoid bone be fractured?

A

during manual strangulation

31
Q

what muscles attach to the hyoid?

A

digastricus
stylohyoid
mylohyoid
all attach to the to anterior inferior body

32
Q

landmarks of the hyoid

A

body
2 pairs of horns - cornua (lesser and greater; fusion during adulthood)

33
Q

function of digastric?

A

jaw movements

34
Q

function of stylohyoid?

A

tongue elevation

35
Q

function of mylohyoid?

A

raises floor of mouth and tongue

36
Q

what shape is the scapula?

A

very thin, triangular, concave on the anterior side

37
Q

what does the scapula articulate with?

A

humerus at the glenoid fossa/cavity
clavicle at the acromion end

38
Q

how many surfaces, borders and angles does the scapula have?

A

2 surfaces
3 borders
3 angles

39
Q

where does deltoid attach to the scapula?

A

the lateral acromion and lower border of the spine

40
Q

where does trapezius attach to the scapula?

A

acromion

41
Q

where does biceps brachii attach to the scapula?

A

supraglenoid tubercle and coracoid process

42
Q

where does triceps brachii attach to the scapula?

A

infraglenoid tubercle

43
Q

where does pectoralis minor attach to the scapula?

A

coracoid process

44
Q

where does subscapularis attach to the scapula?

A

subscapular fossa

45
Q

where does the infraspinatus attach to the scapula?

A

infraspinous fossa

46
Q

where does teres minor attach to the scapula?

A

axillary border (dorsal surface)

47
Q

where does teres major attach to the scapula?

A

axillary border (dorsal surface)

48
Q

where does serratus anterior attach to the scapula?

A

vertebral/medial border (anterior)

49
Q

where does levator scapulae attach to the scapula?

A

vertebral/medial border (posterior)

50
Q

where does rhomboideus minor attach to the scapula?

A

vertebral/medial border (posterior)

51
Q

where does rhomboideus major attach to the scapula?

A

vertebral/medial border (posterior)

52
Q

function of biceps brachii?

A

supination and flexion of the forearm

53
Q

function of pectoralis minor?

A

draws scapula forward/downward

54
Q

function of subscapularis?

A

medial rotation of the arm and shoulder stabilization

55
Q

function of supraspinatus?

A

adduction of arm

56
Q

function of infraspinatus?

A

lateral rotation and abduction of arm

57
Q

function of teres minor?

A

lateral rotation, adduction of the arm and stabilization

58
Q

function of teres major?

A

medial rotation, adduction and extension of arm

59
Q

what attaches to the axillary border (dorsal surface) of the scapula?

A

teres minor
teres major

60
Q

function of serratus anterior?

A

rotates/protracts scapula for arm flexion and abduction

61
Q

function of levator scapulae?

A

elevation and rotation of scapula

62
Q

function of rhomboideus minor?

A

retraction and rotation of scapula?

63
Q

function of rhomboideus major?

A

retraction, elevation, stabilization of scapula

64
Q

what attaches to the vertebral/medial border (posterior)?

A

levator scapulae
rhomboideus major
rhomboideus minor

65
Q

non - metric traits of the scapula?

A

suprascapular foramen or notch - ossification of suprascapular ligament
circumflex sulcus - groove on posteroleteral border
separate (unfused) acromial epiphysis
acromial facet - facet on inferior surface of acromion
acromion shape
inferior angle shape

Forensic Osteology (9 decks)

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