Pectoral Girdle

Question 1

What does the Clavicle articulate with?

Answer 1

Scapula - Acromial end
Sternum/Manubrium - Sternal end

Question 2

What shape is the clavicle?

Answer 2

S-shaped

Question 3

How to identify the superior and interior surface of the clavicle?

Answer 3

the superior surface is smooth
the inferior surface has ‘topography’

Question 4

how does the clavicle change from each end?

Answer 4

the sternal end is round and bends posteriorly, then flattens out at the acromial end.

Question 5

what is unique about where the clavicle meets the sternum?

Answer 5

this is a late-fusing epiphysis.
one of the last places to fuse

Question 6

what is the function/purpose of the clavicle?

Answer 6

acts a strut.
holds the glenohumeral joint
increasing the range movement of the shoulder joint
supportive stresses protects the auxiliary neurovascular bundle.

Question 7

what attaches to the costal tuberosity of the clavicle?

Answer 7

costoclavicular ligament

Question 8

what attaches to the conoid tubercle of the clavicle?

Answer 8

conoid ligament

Question 9

what attaches to the anterior and medial border of the clavicle?

Answer 9

pectoralis major

Question 10

what attaches to the middle of the posterior border of the clavicle?

Answer 10

sternohyoid

Question 11

what attaches to the subclavian groove of the clavicle?

Answer 11

subclavius

Question 12

what attaches to the lateral and posterior border of the clavicle?

Answer 12

trapezius

Question 13

what attaches to the medial and posterior border of the clavicle?

Answer 13

sternocleidomastoid

Question 14

what attaches to the lateral and anterior borders of the clavicle?

Answer 14

deltoid

Question 15

name the 6 surfaces/borders of the clavicle

Answer 15

anterior border
posterior border
superior surface
inferior surface
medial extremity
lateral extremity

Question 16

what is the nutrient foramen?

Answer 16

a hole usually found on the medial 2/3 of the clavicle
usually single, but can be double
from the suprascapular artery as it passes deep to omohyoid

Question 17

what are the non-metric traits of the clavicle?

Answer 17

variation on size and shape
variation in the appearance of the costal tuberosity, position of the nutrient foramen and the shape of acromion

Question 18

function of pectoralis major?

Answer 18

adduction, medial rotation and flexsion of the arm

Question 19

function of sternohyoid?

Answer 19

depresses hyoid

Question 20

function of subclavius?

Answer 20

depression of the clavicle

Question 21

function of trapezius?

Answer 21

elevation, adduction, depression and rotation of scapula

Question 22

function of sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 22

head rotation and flexion

Question 23

function of deltoid?

Answer 23

flexion, extension, rotation and abduction of arm

Question 24

true or false
the clavicle is the most frequently fractured bone in the body?

Answer 24

true

Question 25

how is the clavicle most commonly fractured?

Answer 25

usually a result following a fall on the outstretched hand or onto the shoulder

Question 26

how is a clavicle fracture treated?

Answer 26

treatment varies sometime they are just left to heal, as healing is rapid, but this can cause incompletion or deformations. total resection is possible, but not always done.

Question 27

where does the majority of clavicular fractions happen?

Answer 27

80% of all fractures occur at the junction of the two curvatures

Question 27

what problems can occur from a clavicular fraction?

Answer 27

can cause rupture to the subclavian vessels (resulting in severe haemorrhage) or pneumothorax

Question 28

articulation of the hyoid bone?

Answer 28

only bone not directly articulating with any other bone

Question 29

where is the hyoid bone situated?

Answer 29

roughly anterior to C4-5 junction

Question 30

when can the hyoid bone be fractured?

Answer 30

during manual strangulation

Question 31

what muscles attach to the hyoid?

Answer 31

digastricus stylohyoid mylohyoid all attach to the to anterior inferior body

Question 32

landmarks of the hyoid

Answer 32

body 2 pairs of horns - cornua (lesser and greater; fusion during adulthood)

Question 33

function of digastric?

Answer 33

jaw movements

Question 34

function of stylohyoid?

Answer 34

tongue elevation

Question 35

function of mylohyoid?

Answer 35

raises floor of mouth and tongue

Question 36

what shape is the scapula?

Answer 36

very thin, triangular, concave on the anterior side

Question 37

what does the scapula articulate with?

Answer 37

humerus at the glenoid fossa/cavity clavicle at the acromion end

Question 38

how many surfaces, borders and angles does the scapula have?

Answer 38

2 surfaces 3 borders 3 angles

Question 39

where does deltoid attach to the scapula?

Answer 39

the lateral acromion and lower border of the spine

Question 40

where does trapezius attach to the scapula?

Answer 40

acromion

Question 41

where does biceps brachii attach to the scapula?

Answer 41

supraglenoid tubercle and coracoid process

Question 42

where does triceps brachii attach to the scapula?

Answer 42

infraglenoid tubercle

Question 43

where does pectoralis minor attach to the scapula?

Answer 43

coracoid process

Question 44

where does subscapularis attach to the scapula?

Answer 44

subscapular fossa

Question 45

where does the infraspinatus attach to the scapula?

Answer 45

infraspinous fossa

Question 46

where does teres minor attach to the scapula?

Answer 46

axillary border (dorsal surface)

Question 47

where does teres major attach to the scapula?

Answer 47

axillary border (dorsal surface)

Question 48

where does serratus anterior attach to the scapula?

Answer 48

vertebral/medial border (anterior)

Question 49

where does levator scapulae attach to the scapula?

Answer 49

vertebral/medial border (posterior)

Question 50

where does rhomboideus minor attach to the scapula?

Answer 50

vertebral/medial border (posterior)

Question 51

where does rhomboideus major attach to the scapula?

Answer 51

vertebral/medial border (posterior)

Question 52

function of biceps brachii?

Answer 52

supination and flexion of the forearm

Question 53

function of pectoralis minor?

Answer 53

draws scapula forward/downward

Question 54

function of subscapularis?

Answer 54

medial rotation of the arm and shoulder stabilization

Question 55

function of supraspinatus?

Answer 55

adduction of arm

Question 56

function of infraspinatus?

Answer 56

lateral rotation and abduction of arm

Question 57

function of teres minor?

Answer 57

lateral rotation, adduction of the arm and stabilization

Question 58

function of teres major?

Answer 58

medial rotation, adduction and extension of arm

Question 59

what attaches to the axillary border (dorsal surface) of the scapula?

Answer 59

teres minor teres major

Question 60

function of serratus anterior?

Answer 60

rotates/protracts scapula for arm flexion and abduction

Question 61

function of levator scapulae?

Answer 61

elevation and rotation of scapula

Question 62

function of rhomboideus minor?

Answer 62

retraction and rotation of scapula?

Question 63

function of rhomboideus major?

Answer 63

retraction, elevation, stabilization of scapula

Question 64

what attaches to the vertebral/medial border (posterior)?

Answer 64

levator scapulae rhomboideus major rhomboideus minor

Question 65

non - metric traits of the scapula?

Answer 65

suprascapular foramen or notch - ossification of suprascapular ligament circumflex sulcus - groove on posteroleteral border separate (unfused) acromial epiphysis acromial facet - facet on inferior surface of acromion acromion shape inferior angle shape