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Anatomy 2 > Pectoral & Axillary Regions > Flashcards

Pectoral & Axillary Regions Flashcards

1
Q

Mammary glands are modified ________ glands

A

Sweat

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2
Q

Where does the breast rest?

A

On pectoral fascia (above pectoralis major)

Interior to exterior:
Pectoralis major → Retromammary → Subcutaneous tissue →Mammary gland lobules (where milk is, converge on nipple) → Lactiferous ducts (15-20 open at nipple) → nipple

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3
Q

What innervates the breast?

A

Intercostal nerves (4th-6th)

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4
Q

The breast attaches to dermis of skin via suspensory ligaments called what?

A

Cooper’s ligaments (anchors fatty tissue to skin and gives form)

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5
Q

Breast blood supply

A

Axillary a. (on lateral side) and Subclavian a. (on medial side)

(Branches from anterior intercostal, lateral thoracic, and internal thoracic arteries)

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6
Q

Veins of the breast

A

Mainly to axillary vein via lateral thoracic veins and medial mammary veins ) less to medial

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7
Q

Lymphatic drainage of breasts

A

Nipple, Areola, Lactiferous Lobules → drained by subareolar lymph nodes

> 75% → axillary lymph nodes (pectoral, central, apical)

Remaining → parasternal, abdominal lymph nodes

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8
Q

Breast innervation

A

Mainly the anterior and lateral branches of 4th-6th intercostal nerves

Can get some from supraclavicular nn.

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9
Q

Fascia of pectoral region

A

Defines borders, surrounds muscle etc. Makes the deltopectoral triangle

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10
Q

What’s the deltopectoral triangle?

A

Where cephalic v. goes up from arm and dumps into subclavian and axillary veins

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11
Q

What makes up the superficial fascia of pectoral region?

A

Platysma

Supraclavicular nerves

Anterior/lateral branches of intercostal nerves

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12
Q

What’s in the Deltopectoral Triangle?

A

Deltoid, pectoralis major, middle 1/3 of clavicle make up borders

Cephalic vein, deltopectoral lymph nodes, deltoid branch of thoracoacromial a. (from axillary a.)

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13
Q

Clavipectoral Fascia of Pectoral region

A

Surrounds the subclavius and pectoralis minor muscles

Involves: cephalic vein, thoracoacromial a., lateral pectoral nerves pierce it

Becomes ‘suspensory ligament of axilla’

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14
Q

Pectoralis muscles are innervated by what?

A

Spinal nerves via branches from brachial plexus

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15
Q

Pectoralis major actions, innervation and blood supply

A

Actions:

  • Adducts/medial rotates humerus
  • Draws scapula anteriorly/inferiorly
  • Clavicular part flexes humerus
  • Sternal part extends humerus

Blood Supply:
-Pectoral branches of thoracoacromial arterial trunk

Innervation:
-Lateral/medial pectoral nerves

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16
Q

What pierces the pectoralis minor muscle?

A

Medial pectoral n.

17
Q

How are medial/lateral pectoral nerves named?

A

Named for part of the brachial plexus that they come from

  • Medial pectoral n: arises from medial cord of BP
  • Lateral: from lateral cord of brachial plexus
18
Q

Pectoralis minor actions, innervation and blood supply

A

Actions:
-Stabilizes scapula by pulling it anteriorly/inferiorly against posterior thoracic wall

Blood supply: pectoral branches of thoracoacromial arterial trunk

Innervation: Medial pectoral nerve

19
Q

Subclavius actions, innervation and blood supply

A

Actions:
-Anchors/depresses clavicle

Blood supply: clavicular branches of thoracoacromial arterial trunk

Innervation: “nerve to subclavius”

20
Q

Serratus anterior actions, innervation and blood supply

A

Actions:
-Protracts scapula, rotates scapula, hols scapula against thorax

Blood Supply: Lateral thoracic artery

Innervation: long thoracic nerve

21
Q

Blood supply to pectoral region?

A

Supplied by axillary artery

  • Pectoralis minor divides axillary a. into 3 main parts
  • Anterior scalene divides the subclavian a. into 3 main parts
22
Q

What are the 3 main parts of the axillary that are divided by the pectoralis minor?

A
  1. Superior thoracic artery
  2. Thoracoacromial trunk
  3. Subscapular artery
23
Q

Vein drainage in Pectoral Region

A

Axillary vein

24
Q

Boundaries of the Axilla

A
  1. Pyramid shaped space
  2. Apex
  3. Base (Ant/Post axillary folds)
  4. Anterior wall
  5. Posterior wall
  6. Medial wall
  7. Lateral wall
25
Q

What makes up the apex?

A

Clavicle, scapula, 1st rib

26
Q

What makes up base of axilla?

A

Skin, anterior/posterior axillary folds of armit , chest wall

27
Q

What makes up the anterior wall of axilla?

A

(clavicle, subclavius), pectoralis major/minor

28
Q

What makes up the posterior wall of axilla?

A

Scapula, subscapularis, latissimus dorsi, teres major

29
Q

What makes up lateral structures of axilla?

A

Intertubercular sulcus, tendon of long head of biceps, coracobrachialis tendon (muscle)

30
Q

What makes up the Axillary Sheath?

A

Axillary vein
Axillary artery
Brachial plexus

31
Q

What vein is in the Axilla?

A

Axillary vein

Anatomy 2 (9 decks)

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