Pectoral & Axillary Regions Flashcards

1
Q

Mammary glands are modified ________ glands

A

Sweat

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2
Q

Where does the breast rest?

A

On pectoral fascia (above pectoralis major)

Interior to exterior:
Pectoralis major → Retromammary → Subcutaneous tissue →Mammary gland lobules (where milk is, converge on nipple) → Lactiferous ducts (15-20 open at nipple) → nipple

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3
Q

What innervates the breast?

A

Intercostal nerves (4th-6th)

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4
Q

The breast attaches to dermis of skin via suspensory ligaments called what?

A

Cooper’s ligaments (anchors fatty tissue to skin and gives form)

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5
Q

Breast blood supply

A

Axillary a. (on lateral side) and Subclavian a. (on medial side)

(Branches from anterior intercostal, lateral thoracic, and internal thoracic arteries)

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6
Q

Veins of the breast

A

Mainly to axillary vein via lateral thoracic veins and medial mammary veins ) less to medial

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7
Q

Lymphatic drainage of breasts

A

Nipple, Areola, Lactiferous Lobules → drained by subareolar lymph nodes

> 75% → axillary lymph nodes (pectoral, central, apical)

Remaining → parasternal, abdominal lymph nodes

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8
Q

Breast innervation

A

Mainly the anterior and lateral branches of 4th-6th intercostal nerves

Can get some from supraclavicular nn.

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9
Q

Fascia of pectoral region

A

Defines borders, surrounds muscle etc. Makes the deltopectoral triangle

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10
Q

What’s the deltopectoral triangle?

A

Where cephalic v. goes up from arm and dumps into subclavian and axillary veins

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11
Q

What makes up the superficial fascia of pectoral region?

A

Platysma

Supraclavicular nerves

Anterior/lateral branches of intercostal nerves

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12
Q

What’s in the Deltopectoral Triangle?

A

Deltoid, pectoralis major, middle 1/3 of clavicle make up borders

Cephalic vein, deltopectoral lymph nodes, deltoid branch of thoracoacromial a. (from axillary a.)

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13
Q

Clavipectoral Fascia of Pectoral region

A

Surrounds the subclavius and pectoralis minor muscles

Involves: cephalic vein, thoracoacromial a., lateral pectoral nerves pierce it

Becomes ‘suspensory ligament of axilla’

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14
Q

Pectoralis muscles are innervated by what?

A

Spinal nerves via branches from brachial plexus

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15
Q

Pectoralis major actions, innervation and blood supply

A

Actions:

  • Adducts/medial rotates humerus
  • Draws scapula anteriorly/inferiorly
  • Clavicular part flexes humerus
  • Sternal part extends humerus

Blood Supply:
-Pectoral branches of thoracoacromial arterial trunk

Innervation:
-Lateral/medial pectoral nerves

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16
Q

What pierces the pectoralis minor muscle?

A

Medial pectoral n.

17
Q

How are medial/lateral pectoral nerves named?

A

Named for part of the brachial plexus that they come from

  • Medial pectoral n: arises from medial cord of BP
  • Lateral: from lateral cord of brachial plexus
18
Q

Pectoralis minor actions, innervation and blood supply

A

Actions:
-Stabilizes scapula by pulling it anteriorly/inferiorly against posterior thoracic wall

Blood supply: pectoral branches of thoracoacromial arterial trunk

Innervation: Medial pectoral nerve

19
Q

Subclavius actions, innervation and blood supply

A

Actions:
-Anchors/depresses clavicle

Blood supply: clavicular branches of thoracoacromial arterial trunk

Innervation: “nerve to subclavius”

20
Q

Serratus anterior actions, innervation and blood supply

A

Actions:
-Protracts scapula, rotates scapula, hols scapula against thorax

Blood Supply: Lateral thoracic artery

Innervation: long thoracic nerve

21
Q

Blood supply to pectoral region?

A

Supplied by axillary artery

  • Pectoralis minor divides axillary a. into 3 main parts
  • Anterior scalene divides the subclavian a. into 3 main parts
22
Q

What are the 3 main parts of the axillary that are divided by the pectoralis minor?

A
  1. Superior thoracic artery
  2. Thoracoacromial trunk
  3. Subscapular artery
23
Q

Vein drainage in Pectoral Region

A

Axillary vein

24
Q

Boundaries of the Axilla

A
  1. Pyramid shaped space
  2. Apex
  3. Base (Ant/Post axillary folds)
  4. Anterior wall
  5. Posterior wall
  6. Medial wall
  7. Lateral wall
25
What makes up the apex?
Clavicle, scapula, 1st rib
26
What makes up base of axilla?
Skin, anterior/posterior axillary folds of armit , chest wall
27
What makes up the anterior wall of axilla?
(clavicle, subclavius), pectoralis major/minor
28
What makes up the posterior wall of axilla?
Scapula, subscapularis, latissimus dorsi, teres major
29
What makes up lateral structures of axilla?
Intertubercular sulcus, tendon of long head of biceps, coracobrachialis tendon (muscle)
30
What makes up the Axillary Sheath?
Axillary vein Axillary artery Brachial plexus
31
What vein is in the Axilla?
Axillary vein