Peads CP

Question 1

Spastic CP brain involvement

Answer 1

Motor cortex

White matter projections to and from the sensory motor areas of the brain.

Question 2

Athetoid CP brain involvement

Answer 2

Basal ganglia

Question 3

Ataxic CP brain involvement

Answer 3

Cerebellar lesion

Question 4

Distribution of CP

Answer 4

Monoplegia 
Diplegia 
Paraplegia
Hemiplegia 
Quadriplegia

Question 5

Types of CP

Answer 5

Spastic 
Athetoid 
Ataxic 
Hypotonia 
Mixed

Question 6

GMFCS

Answer 6

Gross motor function classification system to classify the severity of CP

Question 7

Cerebral palsy definition

Answer 7

Is a permanent but not unchanging neurodevelopmental condition which is caused by a defect or lesion to a single or multiple areas of the immature brain. This defect or lesion occurs in utero or during or shortly after birth and can cause motor impairments and possible sensory defects that is visible during early stages of infancy.

Question 8

Musculoskeletal deformities of hemiplegia CP

Answer 8

Nearly all children with hemiplegia can walk independently
Underdeveloped affected side resulting in smaller limbs and leg shortening
Equinus of foot and ankle
Flexion of elbow wrist and fingers with addicted thumb are common deformities

Question 9

Musculoskeletal deformities associated with diplegia (spastic)

Answer 9

• contracture in hipflexors, adductors and hamstrings. Internal rotation of the hip and femoral anteversion
• Most of them walk independently and deformities develop because they adapt a crouch walking pattern
• Knee hyperextension because of tight Achilles’ tendon
• Kyphosis because of tight hamstrings or hyper lordosis as a compensatory balance mechanism

Question 10

Musculoskeletal deformities in quadriplegic cp

Answer 10

Dislocation of joints and experience spinal curvature
Hip subluxation or dislocation causes pain
Difficulty with postural control creating limitations for sitting walking hygiene and personal care considerations.

Question 11

Therapist observation

Answer 11

Behaviour 
Attention span 
Understanding 
communication 
Position
Postural control and allignment 
Sensory aspects 
Use of limbs and hands
Locomotion 
Deformities

Question 12

What is the difference between GMFCS and GMFM

Answer 12

GMFCS is used to classify the severity of Mobility in CP children

GMFM is used to evaluate a change that occur over time in the gross motor function of children with cerebral palsy

Question 13

Principles of treatment: spasticity

Answer 13

Improve tone and facilitate movements
Use distal key points
Improve proximal stability
Provide equipment that facilitates proximal stability and improves function
Encourage self regulation adaption and self-correction.
Be aware of sensory problems
Antigravity activity

Question 14

Treatment principles: athetoid

Answer 14

Slow firm handling- maintained posture that is aligned
Improve head trunk and limbs allignment to midline to prevent contractures and deformities and to enable eyes for communication and hands for function
Increase stability to maintain positions and alignment in positions and to enable functional activities with limbs
Create an environment that dampens the amount of stimulation
Improve use of arms for mobile weightbaring and sequencing
Improve eating and drinking skilles
Consider the child’s emotional and social needs as well as their physical

Question 15

Principles of treatment : ataxia

Answer 15

Facilitate active and accurate adjustment to being moved
Work for quality of movement -improve grading by working on placing, holding, reversing directions all ranges
Regulate balance reactions
Obtain independent movement of limbs agains trunk
Mobile weight baring on arms
Treatments needs to be graded and emotionally supportive