Peads cardio Flashcards
What congenital heart defect is associated with:
a) Downs
b) Turners
c) Noonans
d) Williams
a) AVSD, ToF, PDA, endocardial cushio defect
b) Aorti coarctation, biscupid aortic valve
c) Pulmonary stenosis
d) Supraventricular aortic stenosis
What type of murmur occurs when:
a) the heart contracts
b) the heart relaxes
a) systolic murmur
b) diastolic murmur
What congenital heart defects are associated with the following features:
a) cyanosis at birth
b) prematurity
c) no cyanosis
d) late presentation
e) cyanotic spells
f) increased right heart pressure
g) ‘clapped out’
a) TGA
b) PDA
c) VSD
d) ASD
e) teratpology of fallot
f) pulmonary stenossi
g) aoric coarctation
What are Cyanotic & Acyanotic congenital heart problems
Cyanotic -> Ts
Tetralogy of fallot
Triscupid artresia
Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA)
Acyanotic -> As
pdA
Aoritc stenosis
Aortic coractaion
Septal defects
What are Acyanotic congenital heart problems
if you see a blue baby, what are the differentials
Transient cyanosis (common)
Tetralogy of fallot
Tranposition of great arteries
Tricupisd artresia
what test can see if a blue baby has a cardiac issue
nitrogen washout test
a PDA is a connection between what 2 structures
PDA
Pulmonary trunk & Descending Aorta
Contionus “machine like murmur”
Bounding & collapsing pulse
Loud S2
Wide pulse pressure
Born at high altitudes
What is this
Management
PDA
Management
Iburprofen & indomethacin -> inhibit prostoglandin synthesis
Fluid restriction
Surgery
Tetralogy of fallot
What are the 4 main features
What shows the extent of cyanosis
Management
Features -> RVH, Overdiring aorta, VSD & pulomnary stenosis
Cyanosis -> pulmonary stenosis
Management -> surgery & B-blockers
what treatment can be given for cyanosis
B-blockers
What do these features represent:
Overiding aorta
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Ventricular Septal Defect
Pulmonary stenossis
BOOT SHAPPED heart
Tetralogy of fallot
Radio-femoral delay
Can’t feel femoral pulse
Rib notching
Apical click
Murmus at L clavicle
Associated with Turners
What is this
How is it managed
What can it cause in adults
Aortic coarctation
1st line -> IV prostoglandins, definitive -> surgery
Refractory hypertesion in adults
rib notching is a sign of…
Aortic coarctation
what is this…
Pulmonary hypertesion due to congential L -> R shunt
Cyanosis, clubbing & heamoptysis
Managed via a heart-lung transplant
Eissemberg’s syndrome
Jerwell-Lange-Nielsen (JLN) syndomre and Romano Ward (RW) syndrome both cause long QT and VT/VF
What is the difference between the 2
JLN -> deafness
RW -> no deafness
Cyanosis
Trisupid regurg
Hepatomegaly
Mum had bipolar
What is this
What caused it
Ebsteins anomaly -> atrialisation of RV
Lithium due to mum’s biplolar
So like he RV turns into more of the RA
Atrial septal defects
What are the 2 types
What do they both cause
What is the difference beteween the 2
Which is most common
Ostium primum & secundum
Both cause RBBB and increased stroke risk
Primum -> Left axis deviation
Secundum -> Right acis deviation + most common
Short PR
Wide QRS
Delta waves
Associated with HOCM
These are ECG findings of…
How you manage
WPW syndrome -> congenital accessory pathway
Accessory pathway ablation
Dextrocaria along with chronic sinusitis & bronchiectasis are a sign of…
Kartagener’s syndrome
like the most sinsiter cause of cyanosis in a baby
Loud S2
‘egg on side’ on CXR
Mum probs had diabetes
What is it
how you treat
Trasnposition of the Great Arteries
Management
1st line -> IV prostglandins (alprostadil)
Surgery -> Switch procedure
The pulmonary artery & aorta like swap places
what type of murmurs are arotic and pulmonary stenosis
Both Ejection systolic
Aortic -> radiates to carotids
Pulmonary -> Radiates to the back
How are stenotic valve probelms treated
Valve replacement
Balloon valvoplasty
Prostaglandins are used to treat Aortic Coarctaion and TGA, give examples
Aloprostridol
Lantanoprost
What are the 3 main types of innocent murmus and what are the differences
Ejection -> soft & buzzin
Venous -> blowing sound below clavicles
Stills -> “low” sound at left sternal edge
What are the features of innocent murmus
All the S’s
Soft
Systolic
Symptomless
Standing & sitting -> postural changes
Short
what can cause hypertension in kids
Aortic coarcation
Congential adrenal hyperplasia
Renal vascualr disease
Physiological changes to the heart at birth
what happens to…
- pulmonary vascular resitance
2 .pulmonary blood flow
- systemic vascualt resistance
- ductus arteriosus & venous
- foramen ovale
- decreases
- increases
- increases
4 & 5. All close
What other cardiac condition is treated in the same way as PDA
Pericarditis
Ibuprofen & indomethicin
