Paeds allergy & anaphylaxis Flashcards
are you born with allergies
no
but an FH of atopy increases the risk
what cytokines from the Th2 cells produce IgE
IL- 4 & 13
How is histamine released in an allergic reaction
First exposure
IgE is relesed and binds to mast cells in smooth muscle & mucous membranes
Second exposure
Mast cells break down -> releasing histamine
Tryptase and hydralase are also released
On the second exposure to an allegren when mast cells are broken down, histamine is released
What else is
Tryptase
Hydralase
What is the action of histamine
Smooth muscle contraction
Vasodilation
Utricaria
Angiodema
what envionrment is the best place to bring up a baby to reduce the risk of allergies
Muddy, dirty farm yards
Super clean flats in a city are abysmal, cause then they’re not gonna be exposed to anything eh
what are signs of an allergic reaction
Itching & utricaria
Angiodema
Pallor
Wheeze
improvement with antihistamines
if you’re unsure if a reaction is allergy-mediated, how can you test
See if anti-histamines make it any beter
how would a severe/anaphlyacitc reaction present
Angiodema of airway -> stridor
Hypotension
Bronchospasm
High HR and RR
what can cause airway obstruction in an allergic reaction
angiodema of smooth muscles of the airways
what investigations can be done to check for allergies
Skin prick tests
Specicfic IgE tests
Oral food chalenges
what’s the best way to check if you have a food allergy
Oral food challenge
Stop eating the food & see if you get any better
Eat is agin & see if it gets worse lol
What do you ask for a history of a potential allergy
Sympotms
Atopy (kid & parents)
Previous reactions
Response to anti-histamine
when do allergy symptoms usually occur
in the first 60mins
then again 1-8hrs later
biphasic reaction bruva
why do allergy symptoms tend to come back 1-8hrs after the first bout
which is why you need to closley monitor them afterwards
Biphasic reaction
