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1
Q

how brachial plexus injury happens

A

trauma to shoulder or spine during vag delivery

traction on shoulder
traction/ rotation of head during delivery of shoulder

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2
Q

complicating factors fr brachial plexus injury

A 
maternal diabetes
high birth weight
prolonged labour
sedated hypotonic infant
heavily sedated mum

difficult c section

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3
Q

brachial plexus segments

A

c5-t1

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4
Q

most common impairment from brachial plexus injury

A

erbs palsy

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5
Q

erbs palsy segments / impact

A

c5-6
Grasp is INTACT
sensory loss

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6
Q

position of erbs palsy

A 
waiters tibe
shoulder - ext, IR, add
elbow - ext
forearm - pro
wrist/fingers - flexed
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7
Q

T/F erbs palsy is lower plexus injury

A

F - UPPER PLEXUS

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8
Q

whats klumpkes palsy

A

lower plexus injury

c7-t1

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9
Q

whats erb klumpke injury

A

whole arm

c5-t1

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10
Q

what do you see in ppl with brachial plexus injury

A

paralysis / weakness
mm imbalance
learned non use

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11
Q

what kind of mm imbalance would you see in brachial plexus injury

A 
abnormal substitution movements
weird arm postures
contractures
subxlactions / dislocation 
deformity
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12
Q

PT management in brachial plexus injury

A 
functional training
ROM
Splinting 
education 
sensory awareness
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13
Q

T/F brachial plexus injury can be surgical

A

t

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14
Q

T/F impairment in AROM and PROM of UE supination and shoulder IR are common for kids with brachial plexus injury

A

F - External rotation

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15
Q

is balance rehab relevant to brachial plexus injuries

A

yes

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16
Q

development dysplasia of the hip

DDH

A

hip disorders that are unstable, sublax or dislocate

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17
Q

T/F normal development of femoral head and acetabulum are co dependent

A

T

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18
Q

risk factors for DDH

A 
breech position
position
incorrect LE swaddling
positive family history
first born 
foot abnormalities
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19
Q

most important risk factors in screening for DDH

A

breech position

positive family history

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20
Q

is DDH very apparent in infancy / early childhood

A

no its silent but early detection is critical

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21
Q

can mild forms of DDH resolve without treatment

A

yes

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22
Q

when is there a poor prognosis for DDh

A

unstable and morphologically abnormal by 2-3 yrs old

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23
Q

how to screen for DDH

A 
ultrasound 
leg length discrepancy 
asymmetric gluteal folds
limited hip abd
gentle Barlow / Ortolani test
safe swaddling 
abnormal gait
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24
Q

Ortolani

A

dislocated femoral head is reduced with ABD

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25
the most important clinical test for detecting newborn dysplasia
ortolani
26
barlow
you dislocate it with ADD | tests laxity / instability
27
is ortolani or Barlow test better
orto
28
management of DDH
observe abduction brace surgical
29
long term implications of DDH
``` degenerative arthritis leg length discrepancy limited hip abd pain early hip replacement avascular necrosis ```
30
osteogenesis imperfecta
congenital disorder of collagen synthesis - all connective tissue
31
T/f osteogenesis imperfecta presents widely differently
T - as osteoporosis , excessive fractures, spinal deformities , mm weakness, lig laxity
32
medical management of osteogenesis imperfecta
``` bisphosphonates orthopaedic solutions (splint, case, rod) ```
33
T/F vitamin C / D are effecting in preventing fractures
false
34
bisphosphonates
reduced fracture rate improve bone density improve functional status
35
physiotherapy management in osteogenesis imperfecta
function and participation
36
idiopathic toe walking (ITW)
atypical in kids after 3
37
what is ITW associated with
positive family history language/ learning delays out of phase firing of gastroc, soleus , tib ant
38
ITW symptoms
toe walking pain in legs frequen tripping ankle injuries
39
ITW mangement
cast, PT, botox, surgery
40
whats PT do with ITW
stretch, strengthen, manual therapy, balance , gait training
41
does ITW impact activities
not really
42
Legg calve perthes disease
AVN of femoral head
43
when does legg calve perthes happen
3-13 | but most common is boys 5-7
44
stages of legg calve perthes
condensation fragementation reossificaiton remodelling
45
clinical presentation of legg calve perthes
``` limp pain trendelenburg decrease ROM mm spasm ```
46
how is range impacted in Legg calve perthes
ABD, IR, hip flexion limited
47
managing legg calve perthes
relieve pain contain the femoral head while bone remodels restore ROM, strength, balance, gait partial WB crutches casting surgerical
48
T/f you could be in a cast for over 1 year with legg perthes
true up to 2 years
49
what causes slipped capital femoral epiphysis SCFE
excessive force on growth plate fat trauma puberty
50
clinical prevention SCFE
pain in groin / knee leg ER limited hip F, ABD, IR can't WB
51
Management of SCFE
surgery bed rest casting pT
52
Osgood Schlatter
apophysitis of tibial tubercle boys 10-15 girls 8-13
53
osgood schlatter presentation
anterior pain at tibial tubercle bump on tibial tubercle worse with activity
54
how to assess osgoods
palpation | radiograph
55
OSD management
ice rest, stretch ham and quads Strengthen
56
can they return to sport with OSD
yes, you might have mild discomfort during growth but crack on
57
whats OCD
osteochondritis dissecans
58
whens OCD
13-17
59
what causes OCD
trauma uneven / excessive pressure disruption of blood to bone genetics
60
clinical presentation of OCD
``` pain with activity pain with rotational swelling instability locking ```
61
acromegaly
pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone | increase in bone size
62
too much growth hormone
gigantism
63
signs and symptoms acromegaly
enlarged hands and feet | changes in face shape (protrude low jaw and brow, enlarged nose, thickening lips, gap in teeth)
64
complications of acromegaly
``` hypertension OA diabetes sleep apnea carpal tunnel vison loss ```
65
T/F dwarfism is mostly genetic
yes
66
most common type of dwarfism
achondroplasia
67
t/F dwarfism mostly happens in families where both families are average height
t
68
difference disproportionate and proportionate dwarfism
some parts are small vs all parts are small
69
proportionate dwarfism when do you have it
present at birth | early childhood
70
management dwarfism
early diagnosing / treatment helps shunt to relieve brain pressure correct surgeries physio ROM, strength

531 (5 decks)

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