Peacemaking After WW1 Flashcards
How many countries met at the palace of Versailles
27
When did the countries meet at the palace of Versailles
1919
Who did and didn’t attend the palace of Versailles
The victorious allies did
The Germans did not
Why did they meet at the place of Versailles
To prevent another war happening and discuss what would happen with the loosing countries
How long did the conference last
12 months
What was the name of the conference in Versailles
The Paris peace conference
Out of the big three what was the order of harshness with which they wanted to punish Germany
France
England
USA
Who was the French originated in 1919
George’s Clemenceau
Who was the American president in 1919
Woodrow Wilson
Who was the British prime minister in 1919
David Lloyd George
Why did the French want to punish the Germans so harshly
Most of the fighting in ww1 was done of French soil, so they lost a lot of land and resources
France suffered the most deaths in ww1
What punishments did France want for Germany
Demilitarisation- they wanted to cripple germanys military to ensure they wouldn’t invade again
They wanted the Rhineland to become a demilitarised border between France and Germany.
They wanted massive reparations from Germany, to pay for the damage caused to France
Why didn’t the Americans want strong punishments for Germany
They joined the war late, les very few men, didn’t see any physical effects of war on their soil and even made money selling weapons to allies
What did Woodrow Wilson want for Germany
He wanted them to have self determination (rule over themselves)
He wanted to implement his 14 point plan for peace worldwide
What did Britain want for Germany
The British public wanted the Germans to pay, however dlg was conciliatory of punishing the Germans t9 harshly in fear of a second war
George wanted Germany to become part of the British empire, and remain strong enough to maintain trade
What was the main aim of the treaty
To weaken Germany economically, socially and financially so as to prevent another war
We’re the Germans given a choice in whether or not they could accept the ToV
No, they were given no time to negotiate, either they accepted it or the allies would continue the war
What does TRAWL stand for
Territory Reparations Armaments War guilt League of Nations
What happened to Germanises colonies
Germanises colonies in Africa were taken from them and given to the league as ‘mandates’, however realistically they were controlled by gb and f
What happened to the Rhineland a after the ToV
It was demilitarised, giving protection to the French
What happened to the polish corridor after the ToV
It was given to Poland, a country created by the League of Nations
How many new German speaking countries were created after the ToV
8
How much land did the Germans have taken from them in the ToV
13%
E.g. Alsace Lorraine
What happened to Alsace Lorraine after the ToV
It was given to France as it had previously belonged to them
What was Saar
Germanys industrial area
What happened to Saar in the ToV
It was taken from Germany and after 15 years, were given the option whether or not to return to it
What was the name of Germany uniting with Austria
Anschluss, they were forbidden to do it after the war
How much was Germany required to pay in reparations
6.6 billion
How long did it take Germany to complete it reparations
Over. 60 years, it officially finished in 2010
What was the result of the reparations for Germany
Deep poverty and recession, many died of starvation
What were the aims of disarmament
If Germany didn’t have an army, they couldn’t attack other countries and start another war, it would also humiliate them to be so weak
Also with these numbers, Germany could defend themselves against attack
What were the terms of germanys disarmament in the ToV
The weren’t allowed an Air Force
The were only allowed 100,000 men
Their naval army was only 15,000 men and 6 battle ships
No tanks and no submarines
What article was formally known as the war guilt clause
Article 231 in the ToV
What were the terms of the war guilt cause
Germany had to accept full responsibility for ww1
What was the purpose of the war guilt clause
To humiliate Germany
What was the main aim of the LoN
To promote peace and co operation in the world
What happened in the treaty of st germain 1919
Austria lost land to Italy and Romania, which were used to create countries like Poland and Czechoslovakia
They also had their military reduced to 30,000 men and weren’t allowed a navy
Austria had to also pay reparations but it wasn’t enforced
What happened in the treaty of neuilly
Bulgaria lost land to Greece but gained land from turkey
Their army was limited and they weren’t allowed an Air Force
What happened in the treaty of Trianon
Hungarys land was given to new countries eg Czechoslovakia and their army was limited to 30,000 men, they also had to pay reparations
What happened to turkey after the war
They lost all their land to Europe esp Greece
They had to cut their army to 50,000 men
Their army and navy were restricted
What was the response to the punishments for turkey
The trunkfish people overthrew the government in protest, forcing the LoN to create a new treaty stating they didn’t have to pay reparations, get back some of their land from Greece and have military control
Why was turkeys response to the LoN and ToV so important
Because the LoN responded to them and folded against their actions, showing other countries that they could do the same to the LoN
What happened to Germany after the ToV
The kaiser abdicated straight after the war
The Germans despised the treaty and felt humiliated by it having been previously seen as incredibly strong
A new government- the Weimar Republic- was introduced but it was weak and the Germans hated it
Why was the Weimar Republic so unsuccessful as a government
The German people felt the6 had suffered enough after the kaisers abdication and they saw the Weimar Republic as weak
It was also democratic which the Germans weren’t used to and no one could decide on things after the war in order to vote
What did the Germans call the ToV
Diktat, they thought they were forced or dictated into it as it left them so weak
They also called the people who signed it November criminals
What did France think of the treaty
Many French thought it wasn’t harsh enough
They wanted it destroyed but felt it was only weakened and could strengthen again in the future
What did the French want with the German military
Complete demilitarisation and Clemenceau agreed
What was the French opinion on the reparations
Not enough
What was the general American response to the ToV
That it was too harsh
They didn’t want to cripple Germany and wanted it to recover
Who controlled many of the new countries created by the ToV
Britain and France, much to the disappointment of the Americans who had wanted them to be independent
What was the policy that america wanted to install with Europe
Isolationism
They wanted the Europeans to deal with European issues
What was americas opinion of the LoN
Despite coming up with it, he thought the treaty was too harsh so ww didn’t join
What was the general British response to the ToV
It was generally well received, many British people has lost family embers in the war and wanted revenge
They also got to expand their empire which was good
Some people wanted the treaty to be harsher seeking even more revenge
Who became the strongest naval force after the war
Britain, they had been competing with Germany but after the ToV , Germany had little to no naval military leaving Britain as the most powerful
They had naval supremacy
What was dlg’s response to the ToV
He was very unsure, he found it very harsh and was concerned about germanys retaliation or want for revenge, feeling that it crippled them financially, socially and economically
