Peace Education Flashcards
an approach in game theory
to understand the relationship between peace and conflicts.
The Peace & War Game Theory
The Peace & War Game Theory initially used by who?
academic groups and computer
simulations
The Peace & War Game Theory to study what?
possible cooperation and
aggression strategies
It is the process of modeling the strategic interaction between two or more players in a situation containing set rules and outcomes.
The Peace & War Game Theory
Example of The Peace & War Game Theory
Classroom rules
It is a theory that suggests peace is part of a triad, which also includes justice and wholeness (or well-being)
The Active Peace Theory
Who taught the meaning of the terms peacemaking, peacekeeping, and peacebuilding?
Galtung (1976)
What are the Triad of Active Peace
peacemaking, peacekeeping, and peacebuilding
is the transformation of conflicts away from violence, oppression, and subjugation by social and political means. Mediation, conferencing, circles peacemaking, and kindred ‘encounter’ forms.
Peacemaking
Nonviolent Accompaniment needs not be organized or public in its motivations, but is more effective when it is done publicly, and the reasons are publicized. Most well-known exemplars are Nonviolent Peaceforce, Christian Peacemaker
Teams, Muslim Peacemaker Teams
Peacekeeping
providing for human needs so that the associated conflicts involving
sustaining life (land, water, food, health care, etc.) are ameliorated or eliminated.
For example, those who are less
fortunate need to be helped meet their needs so that they will
have peaceful life.
Peace building
(in international relations) It suggests that states may secure their survival by preventing any one state from gaining enough military power to dominate all others
The Balance of Power Theory
Peace defined in layman’s term
state of calm and tranquility
state free of oppressive and unpleasant thoughts and emotions
Peace defined beyond the individual sphere
state of security or order within a community provided for by law
Peace is the absence of war and violence said by who?
Grotius (1625)
What year was realized that war and direct violence did not only cause chaos and death
late 1960s
Who is one of the main theorists in peace and conflict studies?
Johan Galtung (1964)
Johan Galtung introduced what concepts?
negative peace, positive peace, structural violence, etc.
What is the absence of violence?
Negative peace
What is the presence of social justice and equality, and the absence of structural or indirect violence?
Positive peace
Positive peace characterized by the presence of?
harmonious social relations and the “integration of human society” (Galtung, 1964)
In order to further understand positive peace, it is important to understand what?
structural violence
a.k.a indirect violence, is the result of social structures or institutions that prevent people from meeting their basic needs and accessing their basic human rights.
Structural violence
Who describes structural violence as “killing people without the use of the gun” ?
Assefa (1993)
It is the most potent stimulant of behavioral violence in the form of homicides, suicides, mass murders, and war
structural violence
It is a process of promoting knowledge, skills, attitudes and values needed to bring about behavior change that will enable children, the youth and adults to prevent conflict and violence, both overt (direct) and structural (indirect); to resolve conflicts peacefully and to create conditions conducive to peace, whether at an interpersonal, intergroup, or
international level (UNICEF,1999)
Peace education
Peace education is essentially?
transformative
Advantages of Peace Education
develops:
social responsibility and solidarity
skills in overcoming obstacles
intercultural acceptance and understanding
and
promote conflict resolution that promotes peace and values (human rights, freedom, tolerance, equality, confidence, and social justice)
Attitudes and Values of Peace Builders
Self-respect
Respect for Others
Respect for Life/Nonviolence
Compassion
Ecological Concern
Cooperation
Justice
Social Responsibility
Positive Vision
It is a sense of your own worth and a sense of pride in your own particular social and cultural background.
Self-respect
It is a sense of the worth and inherent dignity of other people, including those with social, religious, cultural and family backgrounds different from your own
Respect for Others
Valuing of human life and refusal to respond to an adversary or conflict situation with violence
Respect for Life/Nonviolence
Sensitivity to the difficult conditions and suffering of other people and acting with deep empathy and kindness toward those who are marginalized/excluded
Compassion
Caring for the natural environment, preference for Attitudes and Values of Peace Builders sustainable living and a simple lifestyle
Ecological Concern
It is valuing of cooperative processes toward the pursuit of common goals.
Cooperation
Acting with a sense of fairness towards others, upholding the principle of equality (in dignity and rights) and rejection of all forms of exploitation and oppression.
Justice
Willingness to take action to contribute to the shaping of a society characterized by justice, nonviolence and well-being; sense of responsibility toward present and future generations.
Social Responsibility
Imaging the kind of future they prefer with a sense of hope and pursuing its realization
Positive Vision
It is about dealing with the reasons why people fight in the first place and supporting societies to manage their differences and conflicts without resorting to violence.
Peacebuilding
It aims to prevent the outbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of violence, so peace can take place before, during and after conflicts
Peacebuilding
It is a long-term and collaborative process, as it involves changes in attitudes,
behaviors and norms.
Peacebuilding
Who said that it is now acknowledged that children and youth need to be empowered and given opportunities to actively
participate in personal and social action in peacebuilding?
Swe Hin, et. al., 2017
It is a long-term process of encouraging people to talk, repairing relationships, and reforming institutions.
Peacebuilding
For positive change to last, everyone affected by a destructive conflict must be involved in the process of?
Peacebuilding
Who said that the youth will be part of the future local development and assume important roles in the resolution of conflicts within their communities?
Tinnerholm, 2018
Building youth’s capacity
as peacebuilding actors is key to strengthen what?
democratic governance, and solve problems at the local and national levels
Who said that the positioning of youth in society has a bearing on their leadership potential and their possible role in peacebuilding
Ozerdem 2016
The tension between young and old has been one of the key features of inter-generational shifts pertaining to the control over what?
power, resources, and people
The tension between young and old lies in the?
palpable impatience of youth, their desire to strive for more, their willingness to be seen as responsible and capable, and the structural barriers to their social mobility
Independence from others and responsibility for others, such as taking care of a family or household, can be seen as?
defining markers of pre-requisites of social adulthood
One of youth’s major contributions can be through what?
peer group non-formal education
It is a relevant training for youth in
developing peace building skills
Youth leadership in schools
School activities foster deeper understanding of what?
leadership, promote self-reflection, and aim at improving both personal and problem-solving skills
