pe paper 2 key words Flashcards
fine skill
small muscle movements e.g. darts
gross skill
large muscle movements e.g. tackle in rugby
open skill
skills affected by the environment e.g. pass in football
closed skill
skills not affected by the environment
high organisational skill
skill has many sub-routines which are difficult to separate e.g. spin in dance
low organisational skill
skills with sub-routines which are easy to separate and identify e.g. javelin throw
discrete skill
clear beginning and end e.g. cartwheel
serial skill
small elements which are put together to make a movement e.g. triple jump
continuous skill
no obvious begging or end e.g. cycling
self paced skill
performer controls the rate at which the skill is performed e.g. tennis serve
externally paced skill
environment controls the rate of the skill e.g. start of 100m sprint
simple skill
a skill that is straightforward and involves little decision making e.g. 100m sprint
complex skill
skill that requires many decisions to be made and there are lots of stages to learn e.g. lay-up in basketball
continuum
range or sliding scale between two extreme points
positive reinforcement
reward stimulus is given when a desired response occurs
negative reinforcement
stimulus is withdrawn when the desired response occurs
punishment
giving a stimulus to prevent a response occurring
encoding
conversion of information into codes (visual codes, auditory codes or semantic codes)
motivation
the internal mechanisms and external stimuli which arouse and direct our behaviour
group
a collection of people who share similar goals and interact with each other
attribution
reasons we give ourselves for winning and loosing. attribution affects our future efforts and performance
locus of control
the extent to which an outcome is under control
self-serving bias
the tendency of performers to attribute success to themselves
learned helplessness
belief that failure is inevitable
mastery orientation
athlete assumes that success will be repeated and that failure will be improved upon
aggression
intent to harm outside the rules of the sport event
assertion
forceful behaviour within the rules of the event
attitude
predisposition to act in a certain way towards some aspect of a persons environment
anxiety
a negative emotional state associated with feelings of worry
stress
perception of an inability to cope with demands
arousal
the intensity of our behaviour or the amount of drive we experience to achieve something
peak flow
used when performers achieve optimum performance levels (being in the zone)
self confidence
belief in your ability to master a particular event or situation
self efficacy
specific sports confidence
positive transfer
occurs when learning of one skill benefits the learning of another
negative transfer
occurs when the learning of one skill hinders the learning of another
pro-active transfer
happens when a previously learnt skill influences the learning of a new skill
e.g. knowledge of tennis could assist in learning badminton
retro-active transfer
happens when the learning of a new skill influences a previously learnt skill
e.g. learning to kick a football may affect how an individual then kicks a rugby ball
bilateral transfer
transfer of learning from one side of the body to the other
e.g. being able to do a smash in badminton with right hand as well as your left hand
social facilitation
the positive influence of others who may be watching or competing, on a sports performer
social inhibition
the negative influence of others who may be watching or competing, which leads to a decrease in sports performance
