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Diagnostic Medicine II > PE of the Eye > Flashcards

PE of the Eye Flashcards

1
Q

blockage of nasolacrimal sac

A

dacrystenosis

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2
Q

infection of lacrimal sac

A

dacryocystitis

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3
Q

yellowing of the conjunctiva

A

jaundice

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4
Q

inflammation of the conjuctiva

A

conjunctivitis

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5
Q

caused by corneal injury/infection, acute iritis or acute glaucoma

A

ciliary injection

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6
Q

worrisome pattern of blood vessels radiating from the center of the eye

A

ciliary injection

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7
Q

bleeding between conjunctivita and sclera

A

subconjuctival hemorrhage

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8
Q

inflammation of sclera

A

keratitis

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9
Q

inflammation of iris

A

uveitis (iritis)

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10
Q

fibrous nodule in the eye

A

pinguecula

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11
Q

triangular growth in the eye, it will continue to grow and obscere the vision

A

pterygium

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12
Q

older people have these in their eyes, forms a line or ring around the iris

A

corneal arcus

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13
Q

4 types of cataracts

A

Nuclear
Peripheral
Polar
Sutural

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14
Q

type of cataracts that is in the center of the lengs

A

nuclear

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15
Q

type of cataracts that is in the edge of the lens

A

peripheral

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16
Q

type of cataracts that is a tiny dot in the lens, common in children

A

polar

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17
Q

type of cataracts that has lines in the lens

A

sutural

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18
Q

a rapidly developing cancer that develops from the immature cells in the retina, the light detecting cells of the eye.; most common malignant tumor of the eye in children

A

Retinoblastoma

19
Q

death of the optic nerve fibers leads to loss of the tiny disc vessels; appearance is color of white, tiny disc vessels absent, seen in optic neuritis, multiple sclerosis, and temporal arteritis

A

optic atrophy

20
Q

elevated intracranial pressure causes intraaxonal adema along the optic nerve, leading to engorgement and swelling of the optic disc

A

Papilledema

21
Q

The optic disc appears color pink, often with loss of venous pusations, disc vessels more visible, more numerous, curve over the borders of the disc; disc swollen with margins blurred, the physiologic cup is NOT visible

A

Papilledema

22
Q

What is papilledema usually seen in?

A

intracranial mass, lesion, or hemorrhage, meningitis

23
Q

incraesed pressure within the eye leads to increased cupping (backward depression of the disc) and atrophy. the base of the enlarged cup is pale

A

glaucomatous cupping

24
Q

The appearance of the optic disc = physiologic cup is enlarged, occupying more than half of the dis’s diameter, at times extending to the edge of the disc. Retinal vessels sink in and under it, and may be displaced nasally

A

Glaucomatous cupping

25
Q

marked arteriolar-venous crossing changes are seen, especially along the inferior vessels. Copper wiring of the arterioles is present. A cotton wool spot is seen just superior to the disc. Incidental disc drusen are also present.

A

Hypertensive Retinopathy

*incidental disc drusen are also present but are unrelated to the hypertension

26
Q

patches that are white or grayish, ovoid lesions with irregular “soft” borders. They are moderate in size but usually smaller than the disk. They result from infarcted nerve fibers. Seen in hypertension and many other conditions

A

Soft Exudates: Cotton Wool Patches

27
Q

yellowish round spots that vary from tiny to small. the edges maybe soft or hard. They are haphazardly distributed but may concentrate at the posterior pole between the optic disc and the macula. Appears in normal aging but may also accompany various conditions, including age-related macular degeneration

A

Drusen

28
Q

T/F When inspecting the vessels of the eye you should follow the vessels peripherally in each of the four directions, noting their relative sizes and the character of the arteriovenous crossing.

A

true

29
Q

What should you identify about the retina when inspecting the eye?

A

identify any lesions of the surrounding retina and note their size,shape, color, and distribution.

30
Q

Leions of the retina can be measured in terms of _____ from the optic disc?

A

dic diameters

31
Q

full ophthalmic HX includes:

A

CC: i.e. “VA loss”; family HX, past trauma, SX, chronic dz’s, pt’s occupation, activities/ hobbies, type of lenses they wear: none, glasses, CLs, and allergies (systemic & local to eyes)

32
Q

Eye Exam

A 
Visual Acuity (VA)
Visual Fields (VF)
Position and Alignment of the Eyes 
Eyebrows
Eyelids
Lacrimal Apparatus
Conjuctiva and Sclera
Cornea and Lens
Iris
Pupils
Extraocular Muscles
Opthalmoscopic exam (slit lamp exam)
33
Q

snellen chart

A

E chart

34
Q

20/20 means

A

a NL person and read that size font from 20 ft away vs. 20/200 means a person can read at 200 ft. what a NL person can read at 20ft.

35
Q

myopia

A

nearsightenedness (- prescription) : you see better close up than far away; i.e. you need glasses to see the board

36
Q

hyperopia

A

“farsightedness” (+ prescriptive lenses) : you see better “far away” than close up; i.e. you need glasses to read a book in front of you

37
Q

presbyopia

A

a loss of the lens’s ability to curve and accommodate near VA

38
Q

Visual Field (VF) (testing confrontations of pt)

A

: check 8 quadrants, be at eye level with the pt, be 1 meter away from the pt,

39
Q

Homonymous Hemianopia

A

Visual loss in both eyes is similar and involves the left or right half of each field; vertical VF loss; involves Optic tract or Optic Radiation defect

40
Q

Bitemporal Hemianopia

A

Visual loss involves the temporal half of each field; horizontal VF loss; involves Optic chiasm defect; typical for pituitary tumors

41
Q

Homonymous Quadrantic Defect

A

Visual loss involves the same fourth of the visual field in both eyes; involves partial lesion of optic radiation

42
Q

When examining the iris, what are two things to look for?

A

Contour and Brushfield spots

43
Q

What do Brushfield spots indicate?

A

They are white spots that suggest Down Syndrome

44
Q

What are 4 things to observe when examining the pupils?

A

size
symmetry
shape
reactions to light

Diagnostic Medicine II (7 decks)

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