Bugs & Drugs

Question 1

Name the type of Antibiotics that work by Protein Synthesis

Answer 1

Aminoglycosides and Macrolides

Question 2

type of antibiotic that are used for severe infection with a potential for very serious adverse effects like ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

Answer 2

Aminoglycosides

Question 3

Not given oral, IV route, Monitor peaks and trough and used primarily for gram -

Answer 3

Aminoglycosides

Question 4

Aminoglycosides with low dose tend to be __ (bacteriostatic or bactericidal)

Answer 4

bacteriostatic

Question 5

Aminoglycosides with high dose tend to be __ (bacteriostatic or bactericidal)

Answer 5

bactericidal

Question 6

Gentamicin is a type of what antibiotic

Answer 6

aminoglycoside

Question 7

what type of antibiotic is bacteriostatic and at high doses, bactericidal

Answer 7

macrolides

Question 8

Adverse effects of macrolides

Answer 8

GI upset (tell pt to take meds with food that will help), hepatotoxicity

Question 9

What type of antibiotic interacts with warfarin, cyclosporin and carbamazepine

Answer 9

macrolides

Question 10

Erythomycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin are examples of what type of antibiotic?

Answer 10

macrolides

Question 11

what type of antibiotic inhibits growth of bacteria, and does not kill them. and is used for gram + and -, broad spectrum

Answer 11

tetracyclines

Question 12

these drugs are cheap and have adverse effects of GI upset, hepatotoxicity, stained teeth and superinfections

Answer 12

tetracyclines

Question 13

what type of antibiotic is contraindiciated for children under 8, pregnant females, and nursing women?

Answer 13

tetracyclines

Question 14

Name the two types of miscellaneous antibiotics

Answer 14

Flurorquinolones and Sulfonamides

Question 15

In a Z-pac, what cell in the body collects the drug and helps release the drug in the body for a longer period?

Answer 15

macrophages

he said this in class, it wasn’t on a slide

Question 16

empiric therapy

Answer 16

antibiotic selected is one that can best kill the microorganisms known to be the most common cause of infection

Question 17

factors affecting empiric therapy selection

Answer 17

1. Patient Characteristics:
   - age, immune function, other disease states, pregnancy, renal/hepatic function
2. Site of Infection
3. Drug Characteristics:
   - efficacy, side effects, tissue penetration, cost

Question 18

prophylactic therapy

Answer 18

antibiotics given when there is likelihood of microorganisms being present and used to PREVENT infection; given before infection occurs

Question 19

Antimicrobial Resistance

Answer 19

bacteria that produce drug-inactivating Enzymes i.e.
Mrsa
Vre
Tb

Question 20

General Considerations for antibiotic therapy

Answer 20

ID of the pathogen
Drug susceptibility
Drug spectrum
Drug dose
Period of time to affect the pathogen
Site of infection
Patient assessment

Question 21

T/F Fluoroquinolones are broad spectrum antibiotics.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Which fluoroquinolone is the most effective against aerobic Gram negative organisms?

Answer 22

Cipro

Question 23

Do fluoroquinolones kill or inhibit?

Answer 23

kill rather than inhibit

Question 24

Considerations for fluoroquinolones and adverse effects

Answer 24

• Not indicated for children under 18 or pregnant women
• Give on an empty stomach
• adverse effects: arthropathy, GI upset, headache

Question 25

Sulfonamides are generally used to treat _______ because of the high concentrations in the kidneys.

Answer 25

UTI’s

Question 26

What are some of the major adverse effects of the used of sulfonamides?

Answer 26

nephrotoxicity, photosensitivity, and allergic reactions

Question 27

What are the directions given when taking sulfonamides?

Answer 27

Take on an empty stomach and increase fluid intake

Question 28

What are used to treat or prevent TB infections?

Answer 28

Antimycobacterials

Question 29

Antimycobacterials are used in caution in patients with these conditions

Answer 29

liver disease
severe renal impairment
*review diet and alcohol restrictions

Question 30

Antiviral drug that treats herpes-viruses; herpes simplex, herpes zoster, Epstein Barr virus, CMV

Answer 30

Acylovir

Question 31

Adverse effects of antivirals

Answer 31

nausea and vomiting, anorexia, nephrotoxicity

Question 32

Wide spectrum antibiotic that has activity against fungi that can cause anemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia. Adverse effect of this drug is nephrotoxicity

Answer 32

Amphotericin (Fungizone)