Bugs & Drugs Flashcards
Name the type of Antibiotics that work by Protein Synthesis
Aminoglycosides and Macrolides
type of antibiotic that are used for severe infection with a potential for very serious adverse effects like ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
Aminoglycosides
Not given oral, IV route, Monitor peaks and trough and used primarily for gram -
Aminoglycosides
Aminoglycosides with low dose tend to be __ (bacteriostatic or bactericidal)
bacteriostatic
Aminoglycosides with high dose tend to be __ (bacteriostatic or bactericidal)
bactericidal
Gentamicin is a type of what antibiotic
aminoglycoside
what type of antibiotic is bacteriostatic and at high doses, bactericidal
macrolides
Adverse effects of macrolides
GI upset (tell pt to take meds with food that will help), hepatotoxicity
What type of antibiotic interacts with warfarin, cyclosporin and carbamazepine
macrolides
Erythomycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin are examples of what type of antibiotic?
macrolides
what type of antibiotic inhibits growth of bacteria, and does not kill them. and is used for gram + and -, broad spectrum
tetracyclines
these drugs are cheap and have adverse effects of GI upset, hepatotoxicity, stained teeth and superinfections
tetracyclines
what type of antibiotic is contraindiciated for children under 8, pregnant females, and nursing women?
tetracyclines
Name the two types of miscellaneous antibiotics
Flurorquinolones and Sulfonamides
In a Z-pac, what cell in the body collects the drug and helps release the drug in the body for a longer period?
macrophages
he said this in class, it wasn’t on a slide
empiric therapy
antibiotic selected is one that can best kill the microorganisms known to be the most common cause of infection
factors affecting empiric therapy selection
- Patient Characteristics:
- age, immune function, other disease states, pregnancy, renal/hepatic function - Site of Infection
- Drug Characteristics:
- efficacy, side effects, tissue penetration, cost
prophylactic therapy
antibiotics given when there is likelihood of microorganisms being present and used to PREVENT infection; given before infection occurs
Antimicrobial Resistance
bacteria that produce drug-inactivating Enzymes i.e.
Mrsa
Vre
Tb
General Considerations for antibiotic therapy
ID of the pathogen Drug susceptibility Drug spectrum Drug dose Period of time to affect the pathogen Site of infection Patient assessment
T/F Fluoroquinolones are broad spectrum antibiotics.
True
Which fluoroquinolone is the most effective against aerobic Gram negative organisms?
Cipro
Do fluoroquinolones kill or inhibit?
kill rather than inhibit
Considerations for fluoroquinolones and adverse effects
- Not indicated for children under 18 or pregnant women
- Give on an empty stomach
- adverse effects: arthropathy, GI upset, headache
Sulfonamides are generally used to treat _______ because of the high concentrations in the kidneys.
UTI’s
What are some of the major adverse effects of the used of sulfonamides?
nephrotoxicity, photosensitivity, and allergic reactions
What are the directions given when taking sulfonamides?
Take on an empty stomach and increase fluid intake
What are used to treat or prevent TB infections?
Antimycobacterials
Antimycobacterials are used in caution in patients with these conditions
liver disease
severe renal impairment
*review diet and alcohol restrictions
Antiviral drug that treats herpes-viruses; herpes simplex, herpes zoster, Epstein Barr virus, CMV
Acylovir
Adverse effects of antivirals
nausea and vomiting, anorexia, nephrotoxicity
Wide spectrum antibiotic that has activity against fungi that can cause anemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia. Adverse effect of this drug is nephrotoxicity
Amphotericin (Fungizone)
