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Diagnostic Medicine II > Glossary of Dermatological Terms > Flashcards

Glossary of Dermatological Terms Flashcards

1
Q

a localised collection of pus

A

abscess

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2
Q

__ distribution of a dermatosis means it affects distal portions of limbs (hand, foot) and head (ears and nose)

A

Acral

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3
Q

groups of fat cells forming yellow lobules in subcutaneous tissue

A

Adipose cells or lipocytes

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4
Q

__ is the growth phase of the hair cycle, pointed tip and grows over several years

A

Anagen

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5
Q

__ distribution refers to lesions grouped in a circle

A

Annular

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6
Q

__ refers to tissue that has failed to grow

A

aplasia

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7
Q

__ are scent glands found most profusely in armpits and groins. they become active after puberty. thick and odourless, the smell comes from the bacterial colonization

A

apocrine sweat glands

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8
Q

epidermal ___ include eccrine glands, apocrine glands, pilosebaceous structures and nails

A

appendages

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9
Q

what muscle originate near the basement membrane zone and attach to the hair follicle near its base, they cause erection of the hairs on exposure to cold or fear

A

arrector pili muscles

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10
Q

__ occurs when some component of skin has shrunk

A

atrophy

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11
Q

__ is the columnar or rectangular cells at the bottom of the epidermis from which new cells are contineously produced, scattered melanocytes are normally found in this layer

A

basal layer

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12
Q

__ zone separates the epidermis from the dermis, its components include: selectively permeable basal cell membrane, lamina lucida containing anchoiring filaments, lamina densa and sublamina densa (bound to the dermis)

A

basement membrane

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13
Q

__ follows a roughly linear, segmental pattern. Birthmarks appears to be distributed within these segments

A

Blaschko lines

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14
Q

large fluid-filled blister greater than 1 cm in diameter, may be a single compartment or multiculated

A

bulla

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15
Q

cancer made up of malignant epithelial cells

A

carcinoma

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16
Q

short involutional phase of the hair cycle

A

catagen

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17
Q

structual protein making up the bulk of the dermis, it is produced by fibroblasts, composed of a triple helix of strong fibers

A

collagen

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18
Q

refers to the shape or outline of the skin lesions

A

configuration

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19
Q

__ of the skin refers to dermis and subcutaneous tissue

A

connective tissue

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20
Q

__ occurs when plasma exudes through an eroded epidermis and dries on the skin surface. it is rough on the surface and is yellow or brown in color.

A

crust

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21
Q

__ is a papule or nodule that contains fluid or semi-fluid material so is fluctant

A

cyst

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22
Q

__ cells with long finger-like processes and includes melanocytes, langerhans cells and some tissue macrophages (immune cells)

A

dendritic cells

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23
Q

study of skin, hair and nails

A

dermatology

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24
Q

corresponding with nerve root distribution (dermatome)

A

dermatomal

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25
Q

another name for skin disease

A

dermatosis

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26
Q

middle connective tissue layer of skin, composed of collagen and elastin fibers, blood vessels, nerve and inflammatory cells in a ground substance gel

A

dermis

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27
Q

__ are the structures that stick adjacent kerationcyes tightly together, rather like cement between bricks

A

desmosomes

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28
Q

the term given to skin coming off in scales or peeling

A

desquamation

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29
Q

abnormal development of a cell or tissue

A

dysplasia

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30
Q

refers to degeneration or abnormal formation of the skin, it is often refer to nail diseases

A

dystrophy

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31
Q

bruises

A

ecchymoses

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32
Q

__ glands are found deep in the dermis, they produce sweat, a weak solution of water, salt and waste products, which is excreted into a coiled duct that opens directly onto the skin surface. most dense on palms, soles, armpits and forehead

A

eccrine

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33
Q

excessive sweating is known as

A

hyperhidrosis

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34
Q

__ is the protein making up thin elastic fibers, these are produced by fibroblasts, they return deformed skin to its resting position

A

elastin

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35
Q

outer epithelial layer of the skin, is mainly composed of keratinocytes

A

epidermis

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36
Q

__ is a tissue composed of packed cells that line a body surface internally or externally

A

epithelium

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37
Q

__ is caused by loss of the surface of a skin lesion, shallow moist or crusted lesion

A

erosion

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38
Q

__ is the name given to red skin due to increased blood supply and may be applied to any red colored dermatosis

A

erythema

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39
Q

__ occurs when a skin condition affects the whole body or nearly the whole body, which is red all over

A

erythroderma

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40
Q

dark colored adherent crust of dead tissue found on some ulcers

A

eschar

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41
Q

__ is a scratch mark or surface injury penetrating the dermis, it may be linear or a picked scratch

A

excoriation

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42
Q

picked scratch

A

prurigo

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43
Q

peeling skin

A

exfoliation

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44
Q

distribution of a dermatosis involves the extensor surfaces of limbs, outer arm and front of leg

A

extensor distribution

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45
Q

an abscess in the pulp of any digit

A

felon

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46
Q

cells found in the dermis that produce collagen, elastin, ground substance and fibronectin

A

fibroblasts

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47
Q

thread-like as in “filiform wart”

A

filiform

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48
Q

dendritic cells that present antigen to the immune system

A

langerhans cells

49
Q

any single area of altered skin; may be solitary or multiple

A

lesion

50
Q

mean white skin

A

leukoderma

51
Q

caused by chronic rubbing, which results in palpably thickened skin with increased skin markings and lichenoid scale

A

lichenification

52
Q

a skin eruption that has tight adherent scale that resembles lichen planus.

A

lichenoid

53
Q

moist peeling skin

A

maceration

54
Q

a smooth small area of color change, often defined as less than 1.5 cm diameter

A

macule (ex. freckles)

55
Q

sensory cells found in the epidermis

A

merkel cells

56
Q

a condition where one type of cell transforms into another type of cell, because of a changed environment

A

metaplasia

57
Q

a moist lining of internal areas that open onto the skin surface; ex mouth, nose, eyes, genital tissues

A

mucosa

58
Q

sign that is positive when slight rubbing of the skin results in exfoliation of the skin’s outermost layer

A

Nikolsky sign

59
Q

an enlargment of a papule in 3 dimensions (ht., width, length); a solid lesion more than 1 cm in diameter

A

nodule

60
Q

round (coin-shaped) lesions

A

nummular lesions

61
Q

what are nummular lesions also known as?

A

discoid lesions

62
Q

the upper portion of the dermis just beneath the epidermis. It is characterized by thin haphazardly arranged collagen fibers, thin elastic fibers and ground substance

A

papillary dermis

63
Q

small raised palpable lesions less than 1 cm diameter; may be solitary or multiple

A

palpule

64
Q

isomorphic phenomenon resulting in ulceration; ex. ulcers appearing at the sites of minor trauma such as venepuncture

A

pathergy

65
Q

a lesion is on a stalk

A

pedunculated

66
Q

dermatosis around the mouth

A

perioral

67
Q

small red, purple or brown spots

A

petechiae

68
Q

a skin condition with a bran-like powdery scale

A

pityriasis

69
Q

a palpable flat lesion elevated above the skin surface, usually greater than 1 cm diameter.

A

plaque

70
Q

skin with variegated appearance, usually mixed pallor, telangiectasia & pigmentation

A

Poikiloderma

71
Q

another name for the stratum spinosum layer; so called because prominent adherence plates look spiny.

A

Prickle cell layer

72
Q

bleeding into the skin; does NOT blanch with pressure

A

purpura

73
Q

a collection of pus; filled with neutrophils, may be white or yellow

A

pustule

74
Q

widespread eruption of lesions

A

rash

75
Q

lower portion of the dermis; composed of coarse elastic fibers and thick collagen bundles parallel to the skin surface

A

reticular dermis

76
Q

an increase in the dead cells on the surface of the skin

A

scaling

77
Q

hardened scar-like or indurated tissue as in localized scleroderma

A

sclerosis

78
Q

lesion in the shape of a snake or serpent

A

serpiginous

79
Q

lesions that appear to be stuck directly onto the skin surface without a stalk

A

sessile

80
Q

flat epithelial cells found on the skin surface.

A

squamous cells

81
Q

horny layer of skin consisting of stacks of dead cells without nuclei make up the dry or keratinized layer

A

stratum corneum

82
Q

the granular layer of the epidermis characterized by flattened cells filled with dark granules containing keratohyaline protein

A

stratum granulosum

83
Q

concentric rings like a dartboard

A

target lesion

84
Q

What is a target lesion a.k.a?

A

iris lesion

85
Q

the name given to prominent cutaneous blood vessels that are red/purple in color

A

telangiectasia

86
Q

resting phase of the hair cycle. hairs in this phase have a clubbed or bulbous tip and last for several months before falling out

A

telogen

87
Q

full thickness loss of epidermis or epithelium and dermis and may involve subcutaneous tissue.

A

ulcer

88
Q

papules or vesicles that have a central dell

A

umbilicated

89
Q

the name given to prominent venules, blue in color and often on the lower legs

A

venulectasia

90
Q

wart-like; thickened & scaly

A

verrucous

91
Q

small fluid-filled blisters less than 1cm in diameter. may be single or multiple

A

vesicle

92
Q

an edematous papule or plaque caused by swelling in the dermis; indicates urticaria

A

Wheal

93
Q

a lamp emitting long wavelength UVA used to examine skin pigmentary changes and fluorescent infections such as cat ringworm

A

wood light

94
Q

a thin crack within epidermis or epithelium, due to excessive dryness

A

fissure

95
Q

distribution of dermatosis involves the flexures

A

flexural distribution

96
Q

distribution of dermatosis refers to individual lesions arisin from hair follicles

A

follicular

97
Q

refers to a large malignant tumor that is erupting like a mushroom or fungus

A

fungating

98
Q

description of scale in which is in bran-like or powdery

A

furfuraceous

99
Q

__ layer of the epidermis is characterised by flattened cells filled with dark granules containing keratohyaline protein

A

granular

100
Q

__ tissue is a made of a mass of new capillaries and fibrous tissue in a healing wound

A

granulation tissue

101
Q

__ a histological term referring to chronic inflammation in which there are several types of inflammatory cells including giant cells, these form in response to foreign bodies, certain infections and inflammatory skin diseases

A

granuloma

102
Q

__ is the gel component of the dermis, contains hyaluronic acid, dermatan sulphate and chondroitin-6-sulphate

A

ground substance

103
Q

a rash that appears to be whirling in a circle

A

gyrate rash

104
Q

___ has a growth phase (anagen) when the hair has a pointed tip, which lasts several years, a short involutional phase (catagen) and a resting phase with clubbed or bulbous tip (telogen) which lasts for several months

A

hair cycle

105
Q

__ are the structures that stick basal kerationcytes tightly to the dermis via the basement membrane

A

hemidesmosomes

106
Q

__ eruption means it looks like a herpes infection, with grouped umbilicated vesicles

A

herpetiform

107
Q

__ layer of the epidermis consists of stacks of dead cells without nuclei make up the dry or keratinized stratum corneum

A

horny layer

108
Q

___ or scaling is an increase in the dead cells on the surface of the skin

A

hyperkeratosis

109
Q

__ may be due to hypermelanosis or haemosiderin deposits that result in skin color that is darker than normal

A

hyperpigmentation

110
Q

__ is an enlargement of a tissue by an increase in cell numbers

A

hyperplasia

111
Q

some component of the skin such as a scar is enlarged or has grown excessively

A

hypertrophy

112
Q

__ refers to skin color that is paler than normal

A

hypopigmentation

113
Q

__ is caused by a doctor’s action, ie: a rash due to prescription of a medicine

A

iatrogenic

114
Q

skin feels hard and thickened

A

induration

115
Q

__ are due to interrupted blood supply and result in black areas of necrotic tissue or dry gangrene

A

infarcts

116
Q

protein produced by keratinocytes, forming the bulk of epidermis, hair and nails

A

keratin

117
Q

__ are the cells that make up the “brick wall” of the epidermis

A

keratinocytes

118
Q

what are produced by keratinocytes?

A

keratin

119
Q

__ refers to the tendency of several skin conditions to affect areas subjected to injury, linear in shape

A

koebner or isomorphic phenomenon

Diagnostic Medicine II (7 decks)

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