PE MODULE/LESSON 4

Question 1

is a harmful byproduct of smoking cigarettes. This toxic substance is carcinogenic and
accumulates inside the respiratory system. Tar build-up disrupts clearing process of the
lungs and ruins air sacs.

Answer 1

Tar

Question 2

is a toxic chemical compound that mostly consists nitrogen, which also makes
cigarettes addictive. Nicotine makes the heart beat fast, brings lightheadedness, and upsets
stomach.

Answer 2

Nicotine

Question 3

is a poisonous chemical from burnt cigarette that makes the heart do
more work to supply sufficient oxygen in the body. Thus, smokers have higher risks of
having cardiovascular diseases like angina and heart attacks

Answer 3

Carbon monoxide

Question 4

(commonly known as “firsthand smoke”) is the smoke from lit of
cigarette that is both inhaled and exhaled.

Answer 4

Mainstream Smoke

Question 5

is a very dangerous smoke when taken in. It is the smoke puffed out
by smokers called environmental tobacco or “side stream” smoke

Answer 5

Second-hand Smoke

Question 6

refers to cigarette offshoots which is attracted to the smokers’ hair and
clothing as well as various surface like walls, floors, furniture’s, chairs, and toys. This will
remain in the environment even if the smoke is already gone.

Answer 6

Third-hand Smoke

Question 7

are the usual choices of food that
people make. Diet affects an individual’s health
condition

Answer 7

Dietary habits

Question 8

• refers to correct combination of nutrients.

Answer 8

Balance

Question 9

refers to moderate amounts of nutrients to maintain normal body function.

Answer 9

Adequacy

Question 10

• refers to consumption of different types of food productions.

Answer 10

Variety

Question 11

occurs when an individual lacks
the recommended level of regular physical activity or if
he/she is physically inactive

Answer 11

Sedentary lifestyle

Question 12

– a disease of the heart and blood vessels and is the leading cause
of death in the Philippines.

Answer 12

Cardiovascular Disease

Question 13

Types of CardioVascular diseases

Answer 13

Arteriosclerosis - a condition causing the arteries to harden and thicken. Some types
are natural to growing old.
* Atherosclerosis type of arteriosclerosis where deposited fat hardens and becomes
plaque on arterial walls. Plaque build-up can begin as early as two years old.
* Coronary heart disease - coronary arteries (pathway of blood to the heart muscles) are
narrowed or blocked; a disease of the coronary vessels and not the heart.
* Heart attack - cardiac muscle failure due to lack of blood flow to the heart. Signs
include painful pressure in the center of the chest spreading to the shoulders, neck and
jaw, lightheadedness, sweating, nausea, and shortness of breath.
* Angina Pectoris- chest pain from narrowed coronary arteries due to inadequate oxygen
for the heart. Angina attack usually lasts less than five minutes.
* Rheumatic Fever - the immune system attacks the heart and can cause fever, weakness,
and damage to its valves. It is common among teens and results to a permanent damage
known as rheumatic heart disease

Question 14

– a disease where cells divide in an uncontrolled pace

Answer 14

Cancer

Question 15

Cancerous

Answer 15

Malignant

Question 16

Non cancerous

Answer 16

Benign

Question 17

What are the four major categories of cancer?

Answer 17

• Carcinoma is the most common of the major categories; an invasive malignant tumor
  from epithelial tissue that tends to spread to other body parts. Cancers of the skin,
  breast, uterus, prostate, lung, stomach, colon, and rectum are examples of carcinoma.
• Sarcoma is a connective or supportive cancer, which include muscle, bone, fat, blood
  vessels, and cartilage cancers.
• Lymphoma arises in cells of the lymphatic or the immune system tissues characterized
  by abnormal production of white cells and decrease in resistance.
• Leukemia is the cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal
  production of blood cells, usually leukocytes or white blood cells.

Question 18

disease resulting from a condition of the body wherein
the body is not able to produce or effectively use insulin

Answer 18

Diabetes or Diabetes Mellitus –

Question 19

– insulin-reliant diabetes because the body produces little or no
insulin at all. The immune system destroys the cells producing insulin, which
causes to build up sugar in the blood and loss of sugar in the urine. It usually occurs
in children and young adults.

Answer 19

Type 1 Diabetes

Question 20

– non-insulin dependent. This occurs when the body produces
insulin, but it cannot be used by the cells. This type of diabetes is manageable
through oral medication and a lifestyle based on diet and exercise programs.

Answer 20

Type 2 Diabetes

Question 21

– occurs in certain pregnant individuals. The hormones cause
the body not to respond to the insulin produced by the body. This is not harmful to
the baby and can be treated only with proper diet.

Answer 21

Gestational Diabetes

Question 22

• commonly called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  (COPD); occurs in the air paths and other parts of the lungs.

Answer 22

Chronic Respiratory Disease