PE Head & Neck Flashcards
How many bones are in the head?
7
What are the bones in the head?
two frontal,
two parietal,
two temporal,
one occipital.
The facial bones include?
frontal,
nasal,
zygomatic,
ethmoid,
lacrimal,
sphenoid,
maxillary bones
mandible
Major facial landmarks are the ______ and the _______.
palpebral fissures and the nasolabial folds
Facial muscles are innervated by what cranial nerves?
V and VII
What is the major artery that feeds the face?
The temporal artery
What are the salivary glands? Where are they?
1) Parotid glands – located anterior to the ear and above the mandible.
2) Submandibular glands – located medial to the mandible at the angle of the jaw.
3) Sublingual glands – located anteriorly in the floor of the mouth.
The neck is formed by what?
cervical vertebrae,
ligaments
sternocleidomastoid
trapezius muscles
What are the lymph nodes for the exam?
occipital
posterior auricular (mastoid),
preauricular,
parotid,
retropharyngeal (tonsillar),
submental.
Anterior cervical chain,
two posterior cervical chains
supraclavicular chain.
Which gland has two lateral lobes are butterfly shaped and are joined by an isthmus at their lower aspect.
Thyroid
When gathering HPI for a TBI what is asked?
1) State of consciousness after injury
(duration of unconsciousness, combative, confused, alert, or dazed).
2) Predisposing factors
(seizure disorder, hypoglycemia, poor vision, lightheadedness, syncope, sports participation).
3) Associated symptoms
(head or neck pain, laceration, local tenderness, change in breathing pattern, blurred or double vision, discharge from nose or ears, nausea or vomiting, urinary or fecal incontinence, ability to move all extremities.
When gathering HPI for a Headache what is asked?
(a) Patients with headaches should describe the Onset (acute versus chronic), Duration (minutes, hours, days), Location (entire head, unilateral, sinus region, behind eyes, hatband distribution), Character (throbbing, pounding, dull, constant pressure), Severity, and Pattern of Pain.
(b) Associated symptoms (visual, sinus, nausea, vomiting).
(c) Efforts to treat
(sleep, pain medication, caffeine not consumed, antiarrhythmics, oral contraceptives, antidepressants, NSAIDS, narcotics)
When gathering HPI for a Stiff Neck what is asked?
Pertinent data include signs of swelling, fever, characteristics of discomfort, causes, and treatment attempts.
When gathering HPI for a Thyroid problem what is asked?
Temperature preference, neck swelling, skin and hair texture, emotional status, eye prominence, and menstrual and bowel patterns.
When gathering HPI for a Thyroid problem what is asked?
Temperature preference, neck swelling, skin and hair texture, emotional status, eye prominence, and menstrual and bowel patterns.
When gathering HPI for a Thyroid problem what is asked?
Temperature preference, neck swelling, skin and hair texture, emotional status, eye prominence, and menstrual and bowel patterns.
Past Medical History questions for Head/neck
Previous TBI, subdural hematoma, lumbar puncture, radiation treatment, headaches, surgeries, seizures, thyroid dysfunction.
Family hx for head/neck questions to ask
Family members with headaches or thyroid conditions.
Personal and Social History questions to ask?
(1) Employment: Type of work, risk of TBI, use of protective head gear, exposure to toxins
or chemicals.
(2) Stress; tension; demands at home, work, or school.
(3) Potential risk of injury: Use of seat belts, car seats/booster seats; unsafe environment
(4) Nutrition: Recent weight gain or loss, food intolerances, eating habits.
(5) Use of recreational drugs and/or alcohol.
(6) Sports participation, weight training, use of protective padding and helmet.
Head upon inspection
Normal is:
What are you going to note?
- Should be upright and still
Note any jerking or bobbing motion (tremor),
nodding synchronized with pulse (aortic insufficiency),
head tilted or favoring one side (unilateral hearing/vision loss or torticollis)
Defined as an expression or appearance of the face and features of the head and neck that, when considered together, is characteristic of a clinical condition or syndrome
(Cushing syndrome, Lupus Erythematosus, Acromegaly, Bell Palsy, Down syndrome).
Facies
When and where would you auscultate on the head
- Bruits over the eye and occiput (with associated diplopia) may suggest cerebral aneurysm.
- Bruits over the temporal artery are associated with temporal arteritis.
