pe Flashcards
0
Q
Fitness
A
The ability to meet demands of the environment
1
Q
Health
A
A state of complete physical, mental and social well being
2
Q
Elite stage
A
Olympic, international competitions , commonwealth games
3
Q
Performance stage
A
Sports clubs, inter club leagues , local and regional coaching
4
Q
Participation stage
A
Sports clubs and leisure centres
5
Q
Foundation
A
Pe and core pe
6
Q
Resources
A
Location
Availability
Time
Access
7
Q
Image
A
How well it is presented in the media
Clothing of the sport
8
Q
Health and well being
A
Good health will be more motivated to take part in sport
Short term illnesses can prevent us from taking part
Long term Illnesses can make it very difficult to continue
9
Q
Socio economic
A
Cost- equipment
Membership
Clothing
Status- people may want to take part if they think it has a good status eg golf
10
Q
People
A
Family
Peers
Role models
11
Q
Culture
A
Disability
Race
Age
Gender
12
Q
5 components of health
A
Cardio vascular fitness Muscular endurance Flexibility Muscular strength Body composition
13
Q
Exercise
A
A form of physical activity which maintains or improves health and physical fitness
14
Q
Performance
A
How well a task is completed
15
Q
Muscular strength
A
The amount of force a muscle can exert against a resistance
16
Q
Cardiovascular fitness
A
The ability to exercise the entire body for long periods of time
17
Q
Body compostion
A
The percentage of body weight that is fat, muscle and bone
18
Q
Muscular endurance
A
The ability to use the voluntary muscles many times without getting tired
19
Q
Flexibility
A
The range of movement possible at a joint
20
Q
Uses of anabolic steroids
A
- Promotes Bone and muscle strength
- Allows to train harder for longer so increasing strength and power
- speed up recovery time
- increases protein synthesis helping to develop lean muscle mass
21
Q
Side effects of anabolic steroids
A
- liver damage
- heart attack/stroke
- high blood pressure
- skin problems
- deepens voice
- grow facial hair
- women can become infertile
- men can become impotent
22
Q
Uses of stimulants
A
- reduces tiredness so can train for longer
- stimulates the nervous system and makes people more alert
- suppresses appetite
- increases aggression
- delays effect of Latin acid on the body
23
Q
Side effects of stimulants
A
- more irritable
- unable to sleep
- high blood pressure
- irregular/faster heartbeat
- addictive qualities
24
Uses of narcotic analgesics
- found in heroin, morphine, methadone
- reduces sensation in the central nervous system
- helps pain relief to enable athletes to return to sport quicker
- masks original injury and could make it worse
- injected straight into blood stream causing immediate effects
- can be addictive
25
Side effects of narcotic analgesics
- loss of concentration
- loss of balance
- loss of coordination making sport dangerous
26
Diuretics
- main Function is to remove excess water in the body
- rapid water loss=rapid weight loss
- used by boxers,jockeys, body builders to make the weight
- speeds up the work of kidneys by producing more urine
- act as a masking agent- hides the presence of other substances
27
Side effects of diuretics
- extreme dehydration
- dizziness
- muscle cramps
- headaches
- fatigue
- possible kidney failure
28
Beta blockers
- has a calming effects
- controls heart rate
- reduces anxiety
- increases chances of winning
- used in sports such as darts,snooker,archery
29
Side effects of beta blockers
- slows heart rate
- lowering of blood pressure
- sleep disturbances leading to tiredness
30
What are petrified hormones
A synthetic substance this mimics natural hormones in the body
Examples are human growth hormone and epo
31
Human growth hormone
- acts like a steroid
- develops muscle growth
- reduces tiredness
- speeds up recovery time from training and injury
32
Side effects
- irregular heartbeat
- high cholesterol
- increased risk of diabetes
- increased risk of heart attack or stroke
- thickens blood effecting circulatory
33
Epo
Promotes the production of red blood cells therefore increasing the amount of oxygen
More oxygen=more energy to the working muscles
34
Side effects of epo
- liver damage
- liver cancer
- blood thickening leading to clotting, heart attack, stroke
35
What is an initiative
Initiates are set up to encourage people to take part in physical activity. In order to put these into practice specific organisations exist called agencies
36
What are initiatives aims?
1. Increased participation in sport
2. Retaining people in sport
3. Creating opportunities for talented performers
37
Name an initiative
Sky sports living for sport
- sports leaders
- Lead you generation
38
Name three agencies
- sport England
- youth sport trust
- national governing bodies (ngbs)
39
What is sport England?
A agency working to create a community sport system
By
- Investing national lottery funding
- working with uk sport
- delivering a mass participation sporting legacy from the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games
40
What is youth sport trust
A agency working to create a pe and sport system that engages young people by:
- working with schools and ngbs to establish new clubs on school sites
- supporting sports colleges
- creating the next generation of volunteers as coaches,officials and team managers
41
National governing bodies
Working to increase the numbers and skill levels of those participating in their sport by:
- increasing the quality and quantity of coaches, volunteers and officials
- organising more completions
- assisting with facility developments
42
What are the common aims of agencies?
Increasing and sustaining participation in sports
Creating opportunities for people to excel
43
What are the different roles in sport?
Leadership eg coach , mangager
Performer
Officiating - referee/umpire
Volunteering- first aider, clue secretary
44
What are the principles of training?
```
IN- individual needs
S- specificity
P-progression
O-overload
R-rest and recovery
T-tidium
```
F-frequency
I-intensity
T-time
T-type
R-reversibility
45
What are the functions of the skeleton?
Shape- gives us framework
Support- it keeps us upright
Movement - the Skelton has a series of anchor points where muscles are attached to produce movement
Protection- to protect internal organs of the body
Production of blood cells
46
Long bones
Femur
Humerus
Metatarsals
Phalanges
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Short bones
Tarsals and carpals
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Flat bones
Skull
Pelvis
Ribs
Scapula
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Irregular bones
Vertebrae
Patella
Mandible
50
The veterbrates
Cervical (7)
Thoracic (12)
Lumbar (5)
Sacrum (5 fused)
Coccyx (4, fused)
51
What is a joint
Where to or more bones meet
52
Different types of joints
- fixed- cranium
- ball and socket- shoulder- scapula and humerus , hip- pelvis and femur
Hinge -knee- patella and tibia
elbow- humerus, radius and ulna
Pivot -neck
Condyloid- wrist- radius ulna and carpals
Gliding- ankle- tibia, fibula and tarsals
53
What are the three main synovial joints
Ball and socket
Hinge joint
Pivot joint
54
The structure of a synovial joint
Cartilage
Synovial fluid
Synovial membrane
Ligaments
Synovial capsule
55
Importance of cartilage in sport
- shock absorber
- used to cushion the knee and reduce friction
- no cartilage=increased pain
- especially important for endurance activities due to continued use at the joint
56
Importance of ligament in sport
- Holds bone to bone
- surround the sides of the joints
- tough elastic fibres to enable effective movement
- the stronger the ligament the more stable at the joint
57
Movement possible at joints
- extension
- flexion
- adduction
- abduction
- plantar flexion
- Dorsi flexion
- rotation
58
Extension
Increasing the angle at the joint (straightening)
a long jumper in mid air will extend their legs to gain as much distance
59
Flexion
Decreasing the angle at the joint (bending)
Catching a ball in netball and bringing it closer to the chest
60
Adduction
Movement towards the midline of the body
In the butterfly stroke the swimmer adducts their arms so they move side to side and back into water
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Adduction
Movement of the limbs away from the midline of the body
A goal keeper would abduct their arms as they attempt to save a goal
62
Plantar flexion
Pointing your toes away from your body by increasing the angle between your shin and foot
Dancers
63
Dorsi flexion
Bringing your toes closer to your body by decreasing the angle between your shin and foot
A sprinter will stride forward with their foot lifted towards the body
64
Rotation
No change in the angle, but the joint moves in a circular motion
The throwing action of a service in tennis
65
Describe the term balanced diet
A balanced diet means eating a variety of foods from all the different food groups in the correct proportions
66
What is a macronutrient?
Macronutrients are the nutrients we need in our diet on a large scale. We need them for energy growth and repair. They give us energy to the body
67
What are the three main macronutrients
1. Carbohydrates
2. fats
3. Proteins
68
Macronutrients
Carbohydrates
- provides us with energy
| - contained in bread,pasta potatoes and rice
69
Macronutrients
Fats
- provide us with energy but eaten in moderation
| - easily stored in the body and can lead to weight gain
70
Macronutrients-
Proteins
Contained in cheese, milk, eggs and lean meat and fish
Used for growth and repair of muscles
Can produce energy but not the main function
71
Macronutrient plate
50% carbohydrates
35% protein
15%fat
72
Micronutrients
- nutrients we need to have in out diet in small quantities
- vitamins and minerals are micronutrients
We need them to maintain good health
73
Vitamins are necessary for:
- good Vision
- good skin
- red blood cell formation
- healing
- blood clotting
- healthy bones and teeth
74
Vitamin d
Needed for absorbenc of calcium which is necessary for healthy bones
75
Types of micronutrients
Calcium
Iron - helps with red blood cells which carry oxygen, can lead to anaemia
Fibre- digestive system and can reduce blood cholesterol level
76
What is a somatotype?
A term we use for describing different body types for an individuals physical build
77
Mesomorph
- low levels of fat
- builds muscle easily
- solid build
- wide shoulders
- narrow hips
Suited activities are:
- sprinting
- weight lifting
- boxing
78
Ectomoroph
- long thin frame
- narrow shoulders and hips
- slim build
- generally does not build muscle easily
- generally does not store fat easily
Suited activities:
- long distance running
- high jump
79
Endomorph
- wide hips
- narrow shoulders
- has a tendency to store fat
Suited activities:
- shot putt
- sumo wrestling
80
Overweight
Weight more than the expected weight for your height and sex
Some top performers will be overweight due to other factors eg muscle grift
81
Overfat
Means you have more body fat than you should have
If it is excessive it can lead to
- high blood pressure
- high levels of cholesterol
82
Obese
Obese Is the term to describe people who are very Overfat
High levels of excess fat can lead to
- mobility issues
- heart disease
- type 2 diabetes
- additional stress on bones
83
Underweight
Not weighing as much as expected for your heigh and gender
84
Anorexia nervosa
Serious eating disorder
-the body will lack nutrients supplied by a health diet
Can lead to
- fatigue
- fainting
- dehydration
- death
