PE Flashcards
Flexion
Bending a body a part
The angle ata joint decrease
Eg of flexion
Stricking the ball in a football
(Hip)
Performing a bicep curl (elbow)
During the running stride (knee)
What happens when you run
While running you repeatedly flex and extend your hip, knee and shoulder joints. The knee flexes the leg as it swings backwards and extends as it swings forwards
Flexion
Flexion involves bending a part of the body : for example bending your s at the elbow
Extension
Means straightening a part of the body for example, straightening your arm at the elbow.
Abduction
Abduction is a sideway movement away from the center of the body : for example lifting your arm from your side
Adduction
Is a sideway movement towards the center of the body
Rotation
Rotation is a turning point around an imaginary line. Turning your head from left to right is one example, with the imaginary line running vertically through your skull
Circumduction
Occurs when the end of a bone moves in a circle. An example is swinging your arms in a circle. An example is swinging your arms in a circle at your shoulder
Plantar flexion
Is the movement in the ankle joint that points the foot away from the leg
Ex) gymnast pointing their foot through a routine. When you plant your foot to the ground whilst running
Dorsiflexion
is the movement in the ankle where the toes are brought closer to the shin; for example, when you lift your foot off the ground while running
Muscles
A band of fibrous tissue that has the ability to contract producing movement in the body
What are the muscles in the upper body front
- trapezius (shoulders)
-deltoid (upper arm)
-pectoral (upper arm lower than de)
-biceps (lower muscle
Muscles on the stomach
Abdominals
Muscles one the legs front and back
Quadriceps (front muscle)
Tibialis anterior (at the front lower)
Hamstring(upper leg) back
Gastrocnemius (lower leg back)
Back muscles in the arm and back
Back - latissimus Doris
Arm - triceps
Trapezius
Holds and rotates your shoulders. Moves your head back and sideways
A swimmer turning their head to breathe
Deltoids
Raises each arm towards backwards and sideways at the shoulder. Overhead clear in badminton.
Pectorals
Moves the arm at the shoulder through adduction
Forehand drive in tennis
Bíceps
Bends your arm at the elbow
Drawing back a bow in archery
Triceps
Straightens your arm at the elbow
Releasing a javelin or a ball
Latissimus Dorsi
Pulls your arm down at the shoulder. Draws it behind your back.
Swimming strokes
Abdominal
Flexes your spine so that you can bend forwards . Create a pull in the abdomen
Hip flexors
Supports movement of the leg and knee upwards
Lifting the knees during a sprint
Gluteaks
Pulls your leg back at the hip. Raise it sideways at the hip. The biggest of the gluteal muscles is the gluteus Maximus
Quadriceps
Straighten me the leg at the knee. Keeps the leg straight to stand up
Getting elevation in a high jump
Hamstring
Bends the leg at the knee
Pulling back of the knee before kicking ball
Gastrocnemius
Straightens the ankle joint so you can stand up on your tiptoes take off for a lay up in basketball
Tibialis anterior
Helps with dorsiflexion the action of pulling the foot towards the shin walking tuning or toe kicking a ball
Tendon
Though band of fibrous tissue that anchors muscles to a bone and allows movement to happen
Regular exercise benefits in the muscular system
Muscles increase in size and strength
Prompts stability and good posture.
Origin
Where a muscle joins a stationary bone
Insertion
Where a muscle joins a moving bone
Antagonistic muscle act John
Muscle action where muscle works in pair when one muscle contracts the other relaxes
Agonist
The primer mover contracts to create movement
Antagonistic
Relaxed as the agonist contracts to allow movement
Antagonistic pair
The agonist and the antagonist combined. One contacts the other relaxes
Ex of antagonistic muscle action
During the upward phase of a bicep curl
The biceps contracts creating flexion at the elbow
The triceps relaxed allowing movement to occur
Ex kicking a football
The quadriceps contract creating a flexion at the knee
The hamstrings relax allowing movement to occur
Ex long jump take off
The gastrocnemius contracts creating plantar flexion at the ankle
The Tibialis anterior relaxes allowing movement to occur
Isometric
The muscle contracts but stays the same length
Ex) deltoids contract isometrically when holding the bar above your head during an Olympic lift
Isotonic
Muscle change length as they contract
Isotonic two types
Concentric
Eccentric
Concentric
The muscles shortens while it contracts
The triceps shorten as they contract creating extension at the elbow when shooting in basketball
Eccentric
The muscle lengthens while it contracts
Ex) the quadriceps lengthen as. They contract allowing flexion at the knee during the downward phase of a squat
