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pe Test Chp 1 > chp 1 > Flashcards

chp 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four main functions of skeleton

A

Shape and support
Movement
Protection
Blood production

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2
Q

Shape and support

A

Forms the frame which out muscles can attach and our organs can sit. Bones support the weight of the body above them.

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3
Q

Shape and support eg

A

The spine enable us to stand upright
Then backbone enables us to stay upright

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4
Q

Movement

A

Muscles are attached to the skeleton. Movement occurs when muscles contract and pull on bones making them move about a joint.

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5
Q

Movement eg

A

The biceps muscle connect the shoulder and elbow and helps with lifting.

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6
Q

Protection

A

Internal organs are soft, delicate and easily damaged. These vital organs are protected by the skeleton.

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7
Q

Protection eg

A

The ribs help protect the heart and lungs
The cranium protects the brain

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8
Q

Blood production

A

The centre of some large bones contains red bone marrow which creates red blood cells

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9
Q

Blood production eg

A

The pelvis and the femur are both important for blood production

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10
Q

The human skeleton is made up of

A

206 bones

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11
Q

Bone

A

A hard, whitish, living tissue that makes up the skeleton; bones are lightweight but strong and perform many functions

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12
Q

Name the bone on the head and the shoulders

A

1) cranium - head
2) clavicle - shoulders
3) scapula - near the ribs / shoulders

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13
Q

Upper arm bone and what protects the lungs and underneath the lungs

A

Humerus and the ribs
Vertebrae

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14
Q

The lower arm on the right and left

A

Right - ulna
Left - radius

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15
Q

Near the hips and legs

A

Pelvis - hips
Upper leg - femur

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16
Q

Knee and lower leg and near the leg (thin)

A

Knee - patella
Leg - tibia
Thin / fibula

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17
Q

Name the bones on the hand

A

Carpals near the wrist
Lower finger - Metacarpals
Finger tips - phalanges

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18
Q

Name the foot bones

A

Toes - phalanges
Lower toes - metatarsals
Near the toes tarsals
Then talus

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19
Q

Types of bones

A

Flat
Long
Irregular short

20
Q

All the flat bones

A

Cranium
Scapula
Ribs
Pelvis

21
Q

Long bones

A

Clavicle
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Femur
Tibia
Fibula
Metatarsals
Phalanges

22
Q

Irregular bones

A

Vertebrae

23
Q

Short bones

A

Patella
Talus
Tarsals
Carpals

24
Q

Long bones function

A

Act as a lever to produce a large range of movement

25
Q

Short bones

A

Small bones that enable movement and provide support

26
Q

Flat bones function

A

Provides protection for organs
Provides a large surface area for muscle and attachments

27
Q

Irregular bones function

A

Provides protection and support
Their shapes suits their specific function

28
Q

Joints

A

The point at which two or more bones meet, allowing movement

29
Q

Fixed / immovable

A

Fibrous joints where no movement is possible
Between flat bones of the cranium

30
Q

Slightly movable / cartilaginous

A

Provides a small range of movement
Joined by cartilage and ligaments
Between the vertebrae

31
Q

Components of synovial joints

A

1) synovial membrane
2) synovial fluid
3) joint capsule
4) ligaments
5) cartilage

32
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Lines inside of the joint capsule
Surrounds the joint capsule with synovial fluid

33
Q

Freely movable / synovial

A

Provides a large range of movement
Ball and socket and hinge joints
Most joints are synovial
Knee, shoulder , hip , elbow and ankle

34
Q

Synovial fluid

A

A lubricant that reduces friction
Allows for smoother movement
Reduces wear and tear

35
Q

Joint capsule

A

Surrounds and protects the joint
Helps to hold the bones together
Made of fibrous membrane and a synovial membrane

36
Q

Ligaments

A

Strong elastic fibers
Connect bones together and holds them together

37
Q

Cartilage

A

A strong flexible material
Found at the ends of the bone
Cushions the bones

38
Q

Tendons

A

Tough, fibrous, tissue
Connects muscle to bone
Helps the joint withstand tension

39
Q

Ball and socket

A

Provides a large range of movement
Less stable and more prone to injury
Located at the hip and the shoulder
Movements possible = flexion, extension, abduction, addiction, rotation and circumduction

40
Q

Eg if ball and socket

A

Provides a large range of movement for actions like serving in tennis

41
Q

Hinge joints

A

Only allows the movement in one direction
Located at the elbow and the knee
More stable and less prone to injury
Movement possible - flexion and extension

42
Q

more motion =

A

less stability = more wear and tear = more susceptibility to injury

43
Q

What joints are involved when throwing a ball

A

The shoulder to lift he ball, the elbow to bend the arm and the fingers to let the ball go.

44
Q

Less stable joints depend on

A

more on surrounding structures like muscles and ligaments to protect and stabilize them, and these joints are particularly susceptible to ligaments and muscle injuries

45
Q

How does a sprain happen

A

This happens when one or more of the ligaments are stretched, twisted or torn

pe Test Chp 1 (5 decks)

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