PE Flashcards
The arrangement of sounds as they move through time
repeated pattern of movement or sound
Rhythm
The arrangement of sounds as they move through time
Rhythm
Elements of rhythm
Accent
bar
beat
count
intensity
measure
Meter
Note
Note pattern
Phrase
Pitch
Step pattern
Tempo
Applied to the first beat of a measure.
emphasis on certain beats
Accent
Activities that involve Bodily-Kinesthetic movements with audio stimulation (sound/music) like playing instruments, singing, chanting, and dancing
source of enjoyment for people of all ages
Rhythmic Activities
basic movements likewalking, running, skipping, funda movements
Fundamental rhythm
means the face or structure of the rhytm, how it’s done
Rhytmic interpretation
reflects life of people (country or region), tinikling, bendian, carinosa
Folk Dances
In music, a vertical across a staff dividing it into equal measures of time.
Bar
The underlying rhythm of the music. Also known as the pulse of music.
Beat
A pulse beat; a time limit
Count
A variation of stress of movement
Intensity
A group of pulse beats.
Measure
Refers to the way the beats are put together to form a measure of music
Meter
printed symbol of musical tone.
Note
Refers to a note or set of notes with or without rest, used to a certain dance step.
Note pattern
A natural grouping of measures.
Phrase
The lowness and highness of a tone.
Pitch
Refers to the movement/s done for each of the dance steps.
Step pattern
the speed of the music
Tempo
sleep-wake pattern over course of 24 hrs a day
Circadian rhythm
moving from one place to another
Locomotor skills
static skills or movement (in place)
Non locomotor skills
both the body and an object
Manipulative Skills
Is used to indicate the appropriate counting for a particular rhythmic pattern. It can be grouped into two’s, Three’s and fours.
Time Signature
Is used in the arrangement of long and short beats in relation to the time signature given.
Rhythmic Pattern
An impulse
A flow of energy- a space to feel the effect of
gravity, the body’s spring mechanism.
A response to a stimulus requiring movement
away from or toward expansion or contraction.
A movement of suspense.
Falling in space.
Responding to the contact of the ground.
Movement
Elements of movements in dance
Shape
Level
Relationship to self, others, space
Path/floor
Direction
Planes
Dynamics
is the strongest visual component in dance.
Shape
Are body shapes that are a mirror image on each side of the center line of the body
symmetrical positions
Are body shapes that are different on each side of the center line of the body
Asymmetrical positioning
consists of locomotor and non- locomotor movement on, along and or close to the floor .
Low level
consists of locomotor and non- locomotor movement where there is contact with the floor by either the feet of the hands
Medium level
occurs where the body shape is vertically long or where the body leaves the floor.
High level
the area around the individual body
Personal Space (Khin Sphere)
occurs when the space itself comes alive, when it has meaning, or takes on symbolic suggestions on its own.
Active Space
is the pathway that the dancer takes when moving through
space. It is also an indicator of where the dancer has been
Path/floor
The floor pattern can
be any combination of:
• Zigzag
• Spiral
• Figure Eights
• Straight in all directions
• Circular
• Wavy
refers to the position and
movement of the body or body parts in
relation to space, audience and other
performers.
Direction
are somewhat specific pathways
Planes
Planes are defined as
Frontal
Sagittal
Transverse
is an imaginary line running from side to side. The body is
divided into front and back.
Frontal plane
is an imaginary line which is drawn lengthwise through the
body running from front to back.
Sagittal Plane
is a line drawn to the body, dividing the body into top and
bottom.
Transverse Plane
2 main components of dynamics
Release of energy
Weight or force
Is dependent on the amount of force used to make movements occur
Release of energy
Weight gives movement a sense of lightness or heaviness
Weight or force
It is an explosive movement and involves lifting the body weight from the floor or apparatus for an extended period.
Flight
To move the body from one place to another in any direction with the feet as the moving base of support.
locomotor movement
rhythm movements with equal, unvarying actions
Even
Even movements
Walking
Running
Hopping
Leaping
Jumping
move at a regular pace by lifting and setting down each foot in turn, never having both feet off the ground at once.
Walking
is the activity of moving fast on foot.
Running
defined as a springing from one foot and landing on that same foot.
Hopping
springing from one foot but landing on the other foot, used when people jump over objects, like jumping over a rain puddle
Leaping
With feet close together, push off with both feet and land on both feet.
Jumping
rhythm movements consist of unequal actions. sometimes incorporate alternating actions
uneven
move along lightly, stepping from one foot to the other with a hop or bounce.
Skipping
stepping forward and pushing up with one foot, while the other foot follows. Traveling with one foot always in the lead
Galloping
similar, but the lead foot glides forward or sideward while the other foot follows. lead foot does not step or push off into the air. used in skating
Sliding
It is a movement that a person performs while remaining stationary.
non-locomotor movement
Is a form of non-verbal communication in which visible bodily actions is used to communicate
Gesturing
To move with difficulty or friction
Grind
A short quick, sharp sudden movement
Jerk
To exert force as to draw
Pull
To thrust forward, downward or outward
Push
Ascending, sloping upward
Rising
To move in a circle around an axis or center
Rotating
To move back and forth or from side to side while suspended or on axis
Swing
To push suddenly or violently in specified direction
Thrust
To turn or cause to turn rapidly
Twirl
To strike sharply with the open hand
Slap
To pound or crush with, to beat with the bottom of the feet
Stamp
Hit or strike someone
Stroke
Swing gently from side to side
Sway
Incline the body downward from the vertical
Bending
To cause to rebound
Bounce
To shrink; crouch
Cringe
A light sharp jerky stroke
Flick
transfer about three or more supports with the body in a basically parallel orientation to the floor.
Crawl
transfer by rotation of support about a nonvertical.
Roll
These movements may use a combination of locomotor and nonlocomotor movements; always done with an object being controlled or manipulated.
Manipulative movement
incline the body downward from the vertical.
Bending
(with reference to a limb or joint) bend or become bent.
Flexing
Space qualities
Up & down
Across, back & forth, around
Low
High
Time qualities
Fast
Slow
Force qualities
Soft light
Strong heavy
Strong jerky
the length of time from beginning to an end.
Duration
(what is fast or slow?) maybe described in musical terms like adagio, moderato and allegro or in phrases like slow motion, medium or moderate speed, and fast or high speed.
Tempo/Speed
the events (sound, movement, etc.) that occur within duration.
(a) Metric Duration
(b) Non-Metric Duration
Rhythm
the accent is an emphasis. Accents in a piece of music can occur anywhere in the bar.
Accent Emphasis
a form in which an initial theme is established and then is followed by variations. The variators are inversion from the basic theme without altering its essential partner.
Theme or Variation
group of dances, or a set of instrumental pieces drawn from a longer opera, ballet, or similar work
Suite
French word meaning “a sequence” of things
Suite
is a story you write or tell someone.
can be work of poetry, song, theater or dance. It meant to include the “whole story
Narrative
begins with an opening theme, leading into contrasting theme that complements the first, and concluding with a return to the opening theme.
ABA- ABA form
from the Latin word Aleah, meaning “Dice” is music in which some element of the composition is left to change, and/or some primary element of a composed works realization is left to the determination of its performers.
Aleatoric “Chance” Composition
Refers to movement set to music where there emerges organization, structure and pattern. It is a composition that implies arrangement of parts into a form
Dance
means of expressing one’s emotions through
movement disciplined by rhythm. It is an act of moving
rhythmically and expressively to an accompaniment.
Dancing
Old german word for dance meaning “stretch”
Danson
The telling of a story without words by means of bodily movements, gestures and facial expressions.
Pantomime
is the oldest dance to date and maybe the original dance form of all dances.
Pantomime
first known mime in 467 B.C.
Telestes
first origin of dancing, was a slow
rhythmical song accompanied by distinct
movements and phases of a regular dance
mime.
Maneros
Three forms of mime
Rhythmic
Non rhythmic
Non musical
Elements of dance
Body
Energy
Space
Time
Action
space we move through as we dance
Space
design of the body; open/closed, symmetrical/assymetrical, angular/curved (indiv and group shapes)
Shape
involves the audience and the dancer’s focus
Focus
viewer’s eye is drawn
Audience
dancer looking in direction of movement
Single focus
dancer changing head/eye focus during movements
Multi-focus
use of size in given space or range of motion.
Size
the vertical distance from the floor (high, medium or low)
Level
forward, backwards, up, down, diagonal.
Direction
patterns we make as we move across the floor: straights/ curved. transition movements
Pathways
relationship of one movement to another
Time
Pattern of beats
Rhythm
steady beat, fast or slow (speed of movement)
Tempo
length of time the movement lasts
Duration
accented beat/ heartbeat of the rhythm
Pulse
longer sequences of movement
Phrases
an end product of exploration and improvisation of movements as children learn to move the parts of their body and to use them as instruments of expression
Creative rhythms
It is a cultural art form handed down from generation to generations.
It communicates the customs, beliefs, rituals, and occupations of the people of a region or country.
Folk/Ethnic dance
The setting is a social gathering with the more formal atmosphere than the simple and informal parties in which the recreational dances are the usual forms.
Social and ballroom dance
Includes dance mixers, square dance round and couple dances.
The setting is usually informal gatherings and parties, reunions etc.
Recreational dance
It is the end-product of exploration and improvisation of movements as the dancer or the choreographer expresses his feelings or emotions, ideas and interpretations.
Creative dance
the connection between you and your partner before you can move as one, lightly and smoothly around the floor.
Dance position
any dance in which several couples form a certain arrangement, such as two facing line or a circle, and perform a series or figures within or base on that arrangement.
Formation
Lady is at the right side of the man both facing the same direction
Open (Side by side)
The man’s right hand is below her left shoulder blade and her left hand is on his upper right arm. His left hand is out to his left and about shoulder level holding her right hand.
Closed – standard dance position
partners facing away from each other.
Back-to-back-
any position in which the man and woman are directly in front of each other, front to front.
Facing
an open position in which the woman’s left arm
Escort
both facing the same direction, woman on man’s right side, bodies turned half toward each other, mans right palm on woman’s back and woman’s left hand or at near man’s right shoulder. Free arms may be extended to side. In left half open, she is on his left side.
Half open
partners face the same direction, the man behind the lady and to her left, he holds her left hand in his left slightly in front and above her shoulder. His right arm passes behind her shoulders, and his right hand holds her right, again to the side and above her shoulders.
Varsovienne
a close embrace men’s arms around her waist or lower back and woman’s arms on his shoulders, neck, or face.
Cuddle
the crossed armed position in which dancers stand side
by side, facing the same direction, with the right hand held by the
partner’s right and the left by partner’s left.
Promenade
man to woman’s left, right hands joined behind woman’s back and left hands joined behind man’s back.
Back crossed side by side
a facing position. Right hands or left hands joined at waist level
Handshake
point their toes too gracefully and taking really good care of their ten little toesies.
Dancers “who love themselves”
– fun to watch. The never seem to outgrow the “urge”.
“Cuddly couples”
meanders around the floor, pushing his partner into everything that comes his way.
“Bully Type”
the girl shows that sloppy “I don’t care” posture and the man just shuffle along.
“Casual Dancers”
cups his hands tightly on his partner’s back. His posture is crouching as though ready for a springing pounce.
The “Possessive Man”
clings to her partner’s arm like glue, looks up in his eyes and is always tremendously attentive.
The “Jealous Girl”
could almost sink to the floor. The girl takes uncertain steps, droops their arms and gets an “until-death-do-us-part-grip” on their partner’s left thumb. The masculine variety has a low- slung elbow, unapologetic manner, and a “handog” expression. He takes faltering steps and barely touches partner.
“Timid Souls”
Benefits of dancing
Fitness
Joy and satisfaction
Grace and coordination
Self-expression
Relieved stress
1st position (five fundamental positions)
Feet: Heels close together, toes apart with an angle of about 45 degrees. Arms: Both arms raised in a circle in front of chest with the finger tips about an inch apart.
2nd position (five fundamental positions)
Feet: Feet apart sideward of about a pace distance.
Arms: Both raised sideward with a graceful curve at shoulder level.
3rd position (five fundamental positions)
Feet: Heel of one foot close to in-step of other foot.
Arms: One arm raised in front as in 2nd position, other arm raised upward.
4th position (five fundamental positions)
Feet: One foot in front of other foot of a pace distance.
Arms: One arm raised in front as in 1st position; other arm raised overhead.
5th position (five fundamental positions)
Feet: Heel of front foot close to big toe of rear foot.
Arms: Both arms raised overhead.
Types of dances
I. Fad Dance
II. Novelty Dance
III.Traditional Dance
IV.National Dance
V. Social Dance
VI.Theatrical Dance
is also called dance crazes which are
characterized by a short burst of popularity. A dance that
evolved naturally from earlier forms, a traditional dance of
a given country native to a specific people.
Fad dance
is a silly fun dance with a
certain theme. This dance is fun for the
audience and the performers.
Novelty dance
a dance that evolved naturally from earlier forms
Traditional dance
Examples of novelty dance
(1909) The GRIZZLY BEAR,
(1958) The Ostrich, The Fly
(1930- 1940’s) The Peabody, The Stroll, The
Freddie
Examples of fad dance
Renaissance Period- Minuet, allemande,
schottische mazurka, waltz
• 1910-1920’s- Jitterbug, Charleston, meringue,
samba, mambo
• 1940’s- jazz
• 1960’s- Bossa nova craze 1970’s- Mashed potato,
twist, watusi1980’s- 1990’s -Walk like an Egyptian
- Macarena
Examples of traditional dance
(a) Jarabe Tapatio (Mexican hat dance)
(b) The Maglalatik (Philippines)
(c) Russian Cossacks (Russia)
(d) Bedouins Dance (Yemen)
(e) Irish Step Dance (Ireland)
(f) Horn Dance (England)
(g) Whirling Dervishes or Sufi whirling (Turkey)
(h) Legong (Bali, Indonesia)
(i) Dunhuang Dance (China)
(j) Joget (Malaysia)
(k) Odori (Japan)
(l) Mai
(m) Kuchipudi (India)
(n) Hula (Hawaii)
Types of traditional dances
Folk Dance
Ethnic and Tribal Dance
A cultural art form handed down from generation to generation. It communicates the customs, beliefs, rituals and occupation a region or country.
Folk Dance
any dance form which can identified as originating with an ethnic culture and expressing the movement aesthetics of that culture.
Ethnic and Tribal Dance
is a traditional folk art which is popularly dance in most parts of a specific country and the common dance steps is widely used by the common people in that place or country
National Dance
Examples of National Dance
Carinosa (Philippines)
Landler (Austria)
Vallenato and cumbia
Canican (France)
Scottish Island Dance (Scotland)
Meringue (Haiti)
Czardas (Hungary)
Kathak (India)
Flamenco (Spain)
English country dance (England)
a dance designed to bring people together for group enjoyment and participation and is usually accompanied by popular music.
Social Dance
Types of Social Dance
A. Ballroom Dance
B. Recreational Dance
C. Popular Dance
is a set of partner dances, which are enjoyed both socially and competitively around the world, because of its performance and entertainment aspects. Similar with Fad Dance.
Ballroom Dance
this dance includes dance mixers, square dancing and couple dances.
Recreational Dance
a highly recognized as a dance form in television and other dance centers like houses and social gatherings.
Popular Dance
a dance performed on stage to entertain spectators.
Theatrical Dance
Types of theatrical dance
Ballet
Modern dance
Contemporary dance
Jazz
Character dance
Creative dance
a dance of supreme standards learned from an academe.
Ballet
Dances with standardized rules and restrictions.
Classical Ballet
The highest form of dance for the purpose of entertainment.
Modern Dance
(not traditional), a contemporary interpretation of steps and designs of folk melodies and rhythm.
Contemporary Dance
a combination of ballet and modern dance.
Jazz
it aims to interpret a specific folk tradition of a particular country.
Character Dance
it is a form of dance that provides the dancers for personal expressions.
Creative Dance
