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Midterms > Org Chem > Flashcards

Org Chem Flashcards

1
Q

Alkanes can react with halogens in the presence of UV light to form an acid and a substituted alkane (a haloalkane).

A

Free radical substitution

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2
Q

is called a concerted reaction. No matter how many bonds are broken or formed, a starting material is converted directly to a product.

A

one-step reaction

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3
Q

a carbon atom surrounded by only six electrons; is an electrophile

A

Carbocation

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4
Q

is the minimum amount of energy needed to break bonds in the reactants. It represents an energy barrier that must be overcome for a reaction to occur.

A

Energy of activation

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5
Q

The angle that separates a bond on one atom from a bond on an adjacent atom is called a

A

dihedral angle

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6
Q

a negatively charged carbon atom; is a nucleophile

A

Carbanion

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7
Q

The C-H bonds on one carbon bisect the H-C-H bond angle on the adjacent carbon.

A

Staggered conformation

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8
Q

The C-H bonds on one carbon are directly aligned with the C-H bonds on the adjacent carbon.

A

Eclipsed conformation

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9
Q

breaking a bond by unequal division of electrons between the two atoms in the bond. Electrons normally end up on the more electronegative atom.

A

Heterolysis or heterolytic cleavage

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10
Q

X atom is bonded to the carbon atom adjacent to a carbon-carbon double bond.

A

Allylic halides

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11
Q

are nucleophiles because they contain a carbon with a lone pair.

A

Carbanions

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12
Q

is a reaction in which elements of the starting material are “lost” and a pi bond is formed. These reactions are the complete opposite of addition reactions.

A

Elimination

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13
Q

Physical properties of alkyl halides

A
  1. Weakly polar molecules
    2.Dipole-dipole interactions because of their polar cx bond
  2. Incapable of intermolecular hydrogen bonding because the rest of the molecule contains only CC & CH bonds
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14
Q

A staggered conformation with two larger groups of 180° from each other is called

A

anti

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15
Q

Shows movement of an electron pair

A

Full-headed curved arrow

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16
Q

is an increase in energy resulting when atoms are forced too close to one another.

A

Steric strain

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17
Q

Is produced by a giant kelp and algae and also found in emissions from volcanoes such as Hawaii’s Kilauea

A

Chloromethane

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18
Q

X atom is bonded to the carbon atom adjacent to a benzene ring.

A

Benzylic halides

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19
Q

is a substance that speeds up the rate of a reaction.
is recovered unchanged in a reaction, and it does not appear in the product.

A

catalyst

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20
Q

X atom is bonded to a carbon-carbon double bond.

A

Vinyl halides

21
Q

Drawn between the starting materials and products in an equation

A

Reaction arrow

22
Q

breaking a bond by equal division of electrons between the two atoms in the bond.

A

Homolysis or homolytic cleavage

23
Q

Is an important solvent, once used to decaffeinate coffee.

A

Dichloromethane

24
Q

Shows movement of a single electron

A

Half-headed curved arrow

25
Q

The energy difference between the transition state and the starting material is called

A

the energy of activation, symbolized by Ea

26
Q

involves more than one step. A starting material is first converted to an unstable intermediate, called a reactive intermediate, which then goes on to form the product.

A

stepwise reaction

27
Q

are highly unstable because they contain an atom that does not have an octet of electrons.

A

Radicals

28
Q
  • are aliphatic hydrocarbons having only C-C and C-H sigma bonds
  • can be categorized as cyclic or acyclic
A

Alkanes

29
Q

are organic molecules containing a halogen atom X bonded to an sp3 hybridized carbon atom.

A

Alkyl Halides

30
Q

is the energy needed to homolytically cleave a covalent bond to form two radicals.

A

Bond Dissociation Energy

31
Q

contain carbons joined together in one or more rings. Their general formula is CnH2n.

A

Cycloalkanes

32
Q

Drawn between resonance structures

A

Double-headed arrow

33
Q

is a compound secreted by cockroaches. It is a pheromone, a chemical substance used for communication in an animal species, commonly among insects.

A

Undecane

34
Q

are electrophiles because they contain an electron-deficient carbon.

A

Radicals and carbocations

35
Q

is the slowest step of a chemical reaction that determines the speed at which the overall reaction proceeds.

A

rate determining step

36
Q

generates charged intermediates called ions.

A

Heterolysis

37
Q

Is a safe general anesthetic that has now replaced other organic anesthetics such as CHCL3 which causes liver and kidney damage

A

Halothane

38
Q

generates uncharged reactive intermediates with unpaired electron called radicals.

A

Homolysis

39
Q

The energy absorbed or released in any reaction is called

A

the enthalpy change or heat of reaction.

40
Q

are organic molecules containing a halogen atom X bonded to an sp3 hybridized carbon atom.

can be classified as primary, secondary or tertiary.

A

Alkyl Halides (R-X)

41
Q

A staggered conformation with two larger groups of 60° from each other is called

A

gauche

42
Q

is a reaction in which an atom or a group of atoms is replaced by another atom or group of atoms.

A

Substitution

43
Q

have the molecular formula CnH2n+2. Also called saturated hydrocarbons because they have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms per carbon.

A

Acyclic alkanes

44
Q

Drawn between the starting materials and products in an equilibrium equation

A

Double reaction arrows

45
Q

are different arrangements of atoms that are interconverted by rotation about single bonds.

A

Conformations

46
Q

is a reaction in which elements are added to a starting material. These reactions occur when two reactants add together to form a single product with no atoms “left over”.

A

Addition

47
Q

X atom is bonded to a benzene ring.

A

Aryl halides

48
Q

is one of the components in mangoes.

A

cyclohexane

Midterms (5 decks)

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