Org Chem

Question 1

Alkanes can react with halogens in the presence of UV light to form an acid and a substituted alkane (a haloalkane).

Answer 1

Free radical substitution

Question 2

is called a concerted reaction. No matter how many bonds are broken or formed, a starting material is converted directly to a product.

Answer 2

one-step reaction

Question 3

a carbon atom surrounded by only six electrons; is an electrophile

Answer 3

Carbocation

Question 4

is the minimum amount of energy needed to break bonds in the reactants. It represents an energy barrier that must be overcome for a reaction to occur.

Answer 4

Energy of activation

Question 5

The angle that separates a bond on one atom from a bond on an adjacent atom is called a

Answer 5

dihedral angle

Question 6

a negatively charged carbon atom; is a nucleophile

Answer 6

Carbanion

Question 7

The C-H bonds on one carbon bisect the H-C-H bond angle on the adjacent carbon.

Answer 7

Staggered conformation

Question 8

The C-H bonds on one carbon are directly aligned with the C-H bonds on the adjacent carbon.

Answer 8

Eclipsed conformation

Question 9

breaking a bond by unequal division of electrons between the two atoms in the bond. Electrons normally end up on the more electronegative atom.

Answer 9

Heterolysis or heterolytic cleavage

Question 10

X atom is bonded to the carbon atom adjacent to a carbon-carbon double bond.

Answer 10

Allylic halides

Question 11

are nucleophiles because they contain a carbon with a lone pair.

Answer 11

Carbanions

Question 12

is a reaction in which elements of the starting material are “lost” and a pi bond is formed. These reactions are the complete opposite of addition reactions.

Answer 12

Elimination

Question 13

Physical properties of alkyl halides

Answer 13

1. Weakly polar molecules
   2.Dipole-dipole interactions because of their polar cx bond
2. Incapable of intermolecular hydrogen bonding because the rest of the molecule contains only CC & CH bonds

Question 14

A staggered conformation with two larger groups of 180° from each other is called

Answer 14

anti

Question 15

Shows movement of an electron pair

Answer 15

Full-headed curved arrow

Question 16

is an increase in energy resulting when atoms are forced too close to one another.

Answer 16

Steric strain

Question 17

Is produced by a giant kelp and algae and also found in emissions from volcanoes such as Hawaii’s Kilauea

Answer 17

Chloromethane

Question 18

X atom is bonded to the carbon atom adjacent to a benzene ring.

Answer 18

Benzylic halides

Question 19

is a substance that speeds up the rate of a reaction.
is recovered unchanged in a reaction, and it does not appear in the product.

Answer 19

catalyst

Question 20

X atom is bonded to a carbon-carbon double bond.

Answer 20

Vinyl halides

Question 21

Drawn between the starting materials and products in an equation

Answer 21

Reaction arrow

Question 22

breaking a bond by equal division of electrons between the two atoms in the bond.

Answer 22

Homolysis or homolytic cleavage

Question 23

Is an important solvent, once used to decaffeinate coffee.

Answer 23

Dichloromethane

Question 24

Shows movement of a single electron

Answer 24

Half-headed curved arrow

Question 25

The energy difference between the transition state and the starting material is called

Answer 25

the energy of activation, symbolized by Ea

Question 26

involves more than one step. A starting material is first converted to an unstable intermediate, called a reactive intermediate, which then goes on to form the product.

Answer 26

stepwise reaction

Question 27

are highly unstable because they contain an atom that does not have an octet of electrons.

Answer 27

Radicals

Question 28

- are aliphatic hydrocarbons having only C-C and C-H sigma bonds - can be categorized as cyclic or acyclic

Answer 28

Alkanes

Question 29

are organic molecules containing a halogen atom X bonded to an sp3 hybridized carbon atom.

Answer 29

Alkyl Halides

Question 30

is the energy needed to homolytically cleave a covalent bond to form two radicals.

Answer 30

Bond Dissociation Energy

Question 31

contain carbons joined together in one or more rings. Their general formula is CnH2n.

Answer 31

Cycloalkanes

Question 32

Drawn between resonance structures

Answer 32

Double-headed arrow

Question 33

is a compound secreted by cockroaches. It is a pheromone, a chemical substance used for communication in an animal species, commonly among insects.

Answer 33

Undecane

Question 34

are electrophiles because they contain an electron-deficient carbon.

Answer 34

Radicals and carbocations

Question 35

is the slowest step of a chemical reaction that determines the speed at which the overall reaction proceeds.

Answer 35

rate determining step

Question 36

generates charged intermediates called ions.

Answer 36

Heterolysis

Question 37

Is a safe general anesthetic that has now replaced other organic anesthetics such as CHCL3 which causes liver and kidney damage

Answer 37

Halothane

Question 38

generates uncharged reactive intermediates with unpaired electron called radicals.

Answer 38

Homolysis

Question 39

The energy absorbed or released in any reaction is called

Answer 39

the enthalpy change or heat of reaction.

Question 40

are organic molecules containing a halogen atom X bonded to an sp3 hybridized carbon atom. can be classified as primary, secondary or tertiary.

Answer 40

Alkyl Halides (R-X)

Question 41

A staggered conformation with two larger groups of 60° from each other is called

Answer 41

gauche

Question 42

is a reaction in which an atom or a group of atoms is replaced by another atom or group of atoms.

Answer 42

Substitution

Question 43

have the molecular formula CnH2n+2. Also called saturated hydrocarbons because they have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms per carbon.

Answer 43

Acyclic alkanes

Question 44

Drawn between the starting materials and products in an equilibrium equation

Answer 44

Double reaction arrows

Question 45

are different arrangements of atoms that are interconverted by rotation about single bonds.

Answer 45

Conformations

Question 46

is a reaction in which elements are added to a starting material. These reactions occur when two reactants add together to form a single product with no atoms “left over”.

Answer 46

Addition

Question 47

X atom is bonded to a benzene ring.

Answer 47

Aryl halides

Question 48

is one of the components in mangoes.

Answer 48

cyclohexane