PE 1: Week 3

Question 1

(t or f)

In anatomy and physiology terms, movement can be described as a result of contraction or relaxation of the muscles that are attached to the bones across joints. The type of movement depends on the mobility of the joint and the position of the muscles in the joint.

Answer 1

true

Question 2

contraction resulting in a degree decrease in an angle at a joint

Answer 2

flexion

Question 3

can be thought of more as bending or tilting to the left or right (putting one ear to shoulder)

Answer 3

lateral flexion

Question 4

occurs at the ankle, pulling the distal end of the foot towards the tibia

Answer 4

Dorsiflexion

Question 5

– pulling the distal end of the foot away from the tibia

Answer 5

Plantarflexion

Question 6

medial rotation of the wrist

Answer 6

Pronation

Question 7

lateral rotation of the wrist

Answer 7

Supination

Question 8

contraction resulting in a degree increase at a joint, the opposite of flexion

Answer 8

extension

Question 9

extension in which the degree has increased past anatomical position

Answer 9

Hyperextension

Question 10

limbs moving away from the body’s midline in the frontal plane (like the beginning of a jumping jack)

Answer 10

Abduction

Question 11

limbs moving toward the body’s midline in the frontal plane (like the end of a jumping jack), the opposite of abduction

Answer 11

Adduction

Question 12

moving the little finger and thumb towards each other

Answer 12

Opposition

Question 13

turning the ankle so that the sole faces towards the midline

Answer 13

inversion

Question 14

turning the ankle so that the sole faces away from the midline

Answer 14

eversion

Question 15

the movement of a limb away from the midline but in the transverse plane

Answer 15

Transverse Abduction

Question 16

– the movement of a limb towards the midline in the transverse plane, the opposite of transverse abduction (like a pectoral fly)

Answer 16

Transverse Adduction

Question 17

– rotation of a joint, typical of ball-and-socket type joints and where articulating surfaces allow for a spinning motion (turning of the head/torso or at the shoulders are some examples)

Answer 17

rotation

Question 18

– rotation away from the midline, can be thought of as outward rotation

Answer 18

Lateral Rotation

Question 19

rotation towards the midline, can be thought of as inward rotation

Answer 19

Medial Rotation

Question 20

anterior projection of a body part (sticking out the jaw is an example)

Answer 20

Protraction

Question 21

– the direct posterior movement of a body part, the opposite of protraction

Answer 21

Retraction

Question 22

– raising a body part directly upwards, no rotation or changes in the degree of a joint (shrugging/closing the jaw are examples)

Answer 22

Elevation

Question 23

– forcing a body part directly downwards, opposite of elevation

Answer 23

Depression

Question 24

One of the best ways to keep your muscles healthy. _________ regularly will help maintain your muscle strength and increase your flexibility. The more flexible you are, the better it is for your joints. Keeping muscles and joints in top condition helps with your day-to-day range of motion and can help guard against injury.

Answer 24

STRETCHING

Question 25

It is the most common type of stretching exercise. It is usually done to hold the position that is being stretched between 10 to 30 seconds in a static position. It is considered safe and effective in improving the flexibility and elasticity of the muscle.

Answer 25

static

Question 26

is performed with continuous movements and with repetitions; this is to increase the range of motion of the body part that is being stretched. It is done with 10 to 12 repetitions.

Answer 26

Dynamic stretching

Question 27

uses the momentum of a moving body or a limb in an attempt to force it beyond its normal range of motion. This is stretching, or “warming up”, by bouncing into (or out of) a stretched position, using the stretched muscles as a spring that pulls you out of the stretched position. (e.g. bouncing down repeatedly to touch your toes.) This type of stretching is not considered useful and can lead to injury. It does not allow your muscles to adjust to, and relax in, the stretched position. It may instead cause them to tighten up by repeatedly activating the stretch reflex

Answer 27

Ballistic stretching