PDEV Flashcards
is often defined as a complex state of feeling that results in physical and psychological changes that influence thought and behavior
Emotion
According to author ________ human emotion involves “…physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience.”
David G. Myers
________ states that we infer in ourselves and others.
Internal conscious
a broad range of feelings that people experience
Affect
intense feelings that are directed at someone or something
Emotions
feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that lack a contextual stimulus
Moods
● Emotions are subjective feelings
● Make us feel in a particular way.
● Anger or joy.
● Meaning and personal significance.
● Vary in intensity and quality.
● Rooted in mental processes (labeling).
Feeling Component
● Biological activation.
● Autonomic and hormonal systems.
● Prepare and activate adaptive coping behavior during emotion.
● Body prepared for action
● Alert posture, clenched fists.
Bodily Arousal
● Give emotion its goal-directed force.
● Motivation to take action.
● Cope with emotion-causing circumstances.
● Why people benefit from emotions
● Social and evolutionary advantage.
Purposive component
● Give emotion its goal-directed force.
● Motivation to take action.
● Cope with emotion-causing circumstances.
● Why people benefit from emotions
● Social and evolutionary advantage.
Purposive component
● Emotion’s communicative aspect.
● Postures, gestures, vocalizations, facial expressions make our emotions public.
● Verbal and nonverbal communication.
● Helps us interpret the situation.
● How person reacts to event.
Social-Expressive component
Variety of Emotions:
Positive Human Emotions
Negative Human Emotions
major theories of emotion can be grouped into three main categories:
physiological, neurological, and cognitive
propose that activity within the brain leads to emotional responses
Neurological theories
argue that thoughts and other mental activity play an essential role in forming emotions
Cognitive theories
naturalist Charles Darwin who proposed that emotions evolved because they were adaptive and allowed humans and animals to survive and reproduce.
Evolutionary Theory of Emotion
is one of the best-known examples of a physiological theory of emotion, suggests that emotions occur as a result of physiological reactions to events.
The James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Independently proposed by psychologist ________and physiologist _________, James-Lange Theory
William James, Carl Lange
emotions arise as a result of physiological arousal
James-Lange Theory
Another well-known physiological theory is the __________
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Author of Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Walter Cannon
Cannon first proposed his theory in the 1920s, and his work was later expanded on by physiologist ________ during the
1930s.
Philip Bard
states that physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously, yet independently
The Cannon–Bard theory
Also known as the two-factor theory of emotion
Schachter-Singer Theory
This theory suggests that the physiological arousal occurs first, and then the individual must identify the reason for this arousal to experience and label it as an emotion, people infer emotions based on physiological responses.
Schachter-Singer Theory
_______ was a pioneer in this area of emotion, and this theory is often referred to as the Lazarus theory of emotion.
Richard Lazarus
thinking must occur first before experiencing emotion
Cognitive Appraisal Theory
a person judges its potential threat
primary appraisal
determines if effective options are available to manage the situation
secondary appraisal
suggests that facial expressions are connected to experiencing emotions.
Facial-Feedback Theory of Emotion
a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community
Mental Health
“a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community” who said this?
WHO (World Health Organization)
“The capacity of the individual, the group, and the environment to interact in ways that promote subjective well-being, the optimal development and use of mental abilities (cognitive, affective, and relational), the achievement of individual and collective goals consistent with justice: and, the attainment and preservation of conditions of fundamental equality”
Striking a Balance
is a state of emotional and social well-being. It describes a person’s ability to carry on in their everyday life, is subject to change
Mental health
range from short term issues such as anxiety and stress through to more extreme clinical problems and psychosis. Most individuals will experience some mental health issues at some time.
Mental health problems
are disorders of brain function.
Mental Illnesses
a shocking experience that causes a high level of mental stress
Life Crisis
Physical or mental demands associated with your surroundings
Environmental Stress
Some mental illness is inherited
Hereditary
Caused by physical conditions that affect the brain
Organic Mental Disorders
Disturbances in brain mechanisms designed to protect you from harm
Anxiety Disorders
Disturbances in usual mood states
Mood Disorders
Disturbance of thinking perception and behaviour
Psychotic Disorders
Maladaptive personal characteristics
Personality Disorders
Disturbances of weight and feeding behaviour
Eating Disorders
Early disturbances in usual brain development
Developmental Disorders
Persistent disturbances in expected behaviours
Behavioural Disorders
Disorders of craving
Addictions
Anxiety Disorders
● Specific Phobias
● General Anxiety Disorder
● Social Anxiety Disorder
● Panic Disorder
● Agoraphobia
Mood Disorders
● Major Depressive Disorder (Clinical
Depression)
● Bipolar Disorder
Psychotic Disorders
● Schizophrenia
● Delusional Disorder
Personality Disorders
● Eccentric: Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal
● Dramatic/Emotional: Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic
● Fear-Related: Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
Eating Disorders
● Anorexia Nervosa
● Bulimia Nervosa
● Binge Eating Disorder
Developmental Disorders
● Autism Spectrum Disorder
● Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
● Learning Disorder
Behavioural Disorders
● Oppositional Defiant Disorder
● Conduct Disorder
Addictions
● Substance Use Disorders
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
● Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders
● Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
is simply a reaction to a stimulus that disturbs our physical or mental equilibrium.
Stress
can trigger the “fight-or-flight” response, causing hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol to surge through the body.
stressful event
This involves the interactions between the hormones, glands and nervous system where the adrenal gland drives the production of cortisol or better known as _________
stress hormone
which is a term for Positive stress
Eustress
which refers to Negative stress
Distress
3 Stages of Stress Response
● The Alarm Stage:
- Fight or flight
- Adrenaline
● The Resistance Stage:
- Homeostasis: The body tries to return to normal.
● The Exhaustion Stage:
- Impaired judgment and serious illness
- Weakened immune system
is a process that looks differently for most people. This process is not liner or well-defined. Patience and flexibility are really important.
Adjustment
are not static; they are continually evolving, and to fully enjoy and benefit from them we need skills, information, inspiration, practice, and social support.
Relationships
The ___________ defines family as “two or more persons who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption and who live together as one household.”
Bureau of the Census
Some typical characteristics of a _______ are support, mutual trust, regular interactions, shared beliefs and values, security, and a sense of community.
family
can be thought of as a close tie between two people that is often built upon mutual experiences, shared interests, proximity, and emotional bonding.
friendship
___________and ____________, social-network researchers and authors of the book Connected, find that the average person has about six close ties—though some have more, and many have only one or none.
Nicholas Christakis, James Fowler
___________and ____________, social-network researchers and authors of the book Connected, find that the average person has about six close ties—though some have more, and many have only one or none.
Nicholas Christakis, James Fowler
____________________, including marriage, are close relationships formed between two people that are built upon affection, trust, intimacy, and romantic love.
Romantic partnerships
