PD - lower limb/back

Question 1

Valgus stress test

Answer 1

MCL

Question 2

Varus stress

Answer 2

LCL

Question 3

Anterior drawer/Lachman

Answer 3

ACL

Question 4

Posterior drawer

Answer 4

PCL

Question 5

McMurray

Answer 5

Medial/lateral meniscus

Question 6

Patellar apprehension

Answer 6

Knee fully extended. Move patella laterally and medially

Patellar subluxation/dislocation

Question 7

Most likely location for disc herniation?

Answer 7

L5/S1
S1 –> difficulty with plantar flexion, sensation loss of lateral calcaneus and foot

L4/L5
L5 –> difficulty with big toe dorsiflexion, sensation loss of dorsal of foot

Question 8

L1 nerve root

myotome, dermatome, reflex

Answer 8

myotome: hip flexion
dermatome: anterior lateral thigh
no reflex

Question 9

L2 nerve root

myotome, dermatome, reflex

Answer 9

myotome: hip flexion and adduction
dermatome: anterior medial thigh
reflex: patella tendon

Question 10

L3 nerve root

myotome, dermatome, reflex

Answer 10

myotome: knee extension
dermatome: distal medial thigh and knee
reflex: patella tendon

Question 11

L4 nerve root

myotome, dermatome, reflex

Answer 11

myotome: ankle dorsiflexion
dermatome: medial malleolus
reflex: patella tendon

Question 12

L5 nerve root

myotome, dermatome, reflex

Answer 12

myotome: toe extension (great toe)
dermatome: dorsum of foot
no reflex

Question 13

S1 nerve root

myotome, dermatome, reflex

Answer 13

myotome: ankle plantar flexion and eversion
dermatome: lateral calcaneus and foot
reflex: achilles tendon

Question 14

Faber test

Answer 14

flex, ABduct, externally rotate
supine, felt knee, foot on opposite knee

pain ipsilateral hip = pathology of hip joint

pain opposite in buttock region –> sacroiliac joint pathology

Question 15

Patrick’s test

Answer 15

flex, ABduct, externally rotate
supine, felt knee, foot on opposite knee
PUSH DOWN

pain –> pathology of sacroiliac joint

Question 16

Thompson test

Answer 16

Achilles tendon test

pt prone, squeeze calf –> should platarflex foot

Question 17

straight leg raising

Answer 17

sciatica

Question 18

crossed straight leg

Answer 18

sciatica

due to herniated disc/space-occupying lesion in lumbar spine

Question 19

nuchal/kernig/brudzinski tests

Answer 19

meningeal irritation tests

Question 20

Adams forward bend test

Answer 20

scoliosis

Question 21

hoover test

Answer 21

tests for effort
pt supine, ask to raise weak leg, should feel a downward force applied to opposite leg
if no downward force –> possible malingering