Lower Limb Flashcards
pectineus
C: anterior thigh O: pubis (superior ramus) I: femur (pectineal line) B: femoral artery (medial circumflex N: femoral nerve (L2, L3) A: Hip flexor, thigh adductor, medial rotator
psoas
C: anterior thigh (iliopsoas) O: vertebrae T12-L5 I: femur (lesser trochanter) B: femoral artery (deep) N: anterior lumbar rami (L1, L2, L3) A: hip flexor
iliacus
C: anterior thigh (iliopsoas) O: ilium (superior iliac fossa) I: femur (lesser trochanter) B: femoral artery (deep) N: femoral nerve (L2, L3) A: hip flexor
sartorius
C: anterior thigh
O: ASIS
I: tibia (superomedial surface; pers anserinus)
B: femoral artery (deep)
N: femoral nerve (L2, L3)
A: hip flexor, knee flexor, thigh abductor, lateral rotator
rectus femoris
C: anterior thigh (quadriceps femoris)
O: Anterior-AIIS // Posterior- ilium above acetabulum
I: Quadriceps tendon to patella. Patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity.
B: femoral artery (deep)
N: femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
A: hip flexion, knee extension
vastus lateralis
C: anterior thigh (quadriceps femoris)
O: femur (greater trochanter, lateral linea aspera)
I: Quadriceps tendon to patella. Patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity.
B: perforating branches of deep femoral artery
N: femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
A: knee extension
vastus intermedius
C: anterior thigh (quadriceps femoris) O: femur (anterior/lateral) I: Quadriceps tendon to patella. Patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity. B: femoral artery (deep) N: femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4) A: knee extension
vastus medialis
C: anterior thigh (quadriceps femoris)
O: femur (intertrochanteric line, medial linea aspera)
I: Quadriceps tendon to patella. Patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity.
B: femoral artery (deep)
N: femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
A: knee extension
articularis genu
C: anterior thigh
O: femur (anterior surface, superior to knee)
I: synovial membrane of knee joint
B: lateral femoral circumflex artery (descending branch)
N: femoral nerve (L3, L4)
A: prevents synovial impingement between patella and femur (pulls up during extension)
Adductor Longus
C: Medial Thigh O: Pubis (Inferior to crest) I: Femur (middle linea aspera) B: Deep femoral artery, Obturator Artery N: Obturator Nerve (Anterior; L2, L3, L4) A: Thigh Adductor
Adductor Brevis
C: Medial Thigh
O: Pubis (Inferior ramus)
I: Femur (Pectineal line;
superior linea aspera)
B: Deep femoral artery, Obturator Artery (anterior branch)
N: Obturator Nerve (Anterior; L2, L3, L4)
A: Thigh Adductor, Thigh Flexor (weak)
adductor magnus
C: Medial Thigh
O: pubis (inferior ramus), ischium (ramus),
ischial tuberosity
I: femur (linea aspera, adductor tubercle, medial supracondylar line),
gluteal tuberosity
B: deep femoral artery, obturator artery (anterior branch)
N: Ischiocondylar portion- obturator nerve (L2, L3)
Adductor portion- sciatic nerve (tibial division; L4)
A: Thigh adductor, hip extensor, lateral rotator
gracilis
C: medial thigh
O: pubis (inferior ramus)
I: tibia (superomedial surface, pes anserinus)
B: obturator artery (anterior branch)
N: obturator nerve (L2, L3)
A: thigh adductor, knee flexor, medial rotator
obturator externus
C: medial thigh
O: obturator foramen (external surface, ventral side)
I: femur (intertrochanteric fossa)
B: obturator artery (posterior branch)
N: obturator nerve (L3, L4)
A: lateral rotator, steadies femoral head in acetabulum
semitendinosus
C: posterior thigh
O: ischial tuberosity
I: tibia (superomedial surface, pes anserinus)
B: deep femoral artery, perforating branches
N: sciatic nerve (tibial division; L5, S1, S2)
A: hip extensor, knee flexor, tibia medial rotation
semimembranosus
C: posterior thigh
O: ischial tuberosity
I: tibia (medial condyle), reflected attachment forms oblique poplilteal ligament)
B: deep femoral artery perforating branches
N: sciatic nerve (tibial division; L5, S1, S2)
A: hip extensor, knee flexor, tibia medial rotation
biceps femoris
C: posterior thigh
O: Long head- ischial tuberosity
Short head- linea aspera; femur (lateral supracondylar line)
I: Long- fibula (lateral side of head
Short- tendon split by fibular collateral ligament
B: deep femoral artery, perforating branches
N: Long- sciatic nerve (tibial division; L5, S1, S2)
Short- sciatic nerve (common fibular/peroneal division; L5, S1, S2)
A: hip extensor, knee flexor, tibia lateral rotator
gluteus maximus
C: gluteal
O: ilium (posterior gluteal line), sacrum, coccyx
I: ilitibial tract (to lateral tibial condyle), femur (gluteal tuberosity)
B: inferior gluteal artery
N: inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)
A: hip extensor, lateral hip rotator (rising from sitting)
gluteus medius
C: gluteal O: ilium (external surface) I: femur (greater trochanter) B: superior gluteal artery N: superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1) A: hip medial rotator, thigh abductor
gluteus minimus
C: gluteal O: ilium (external surface) I: femur (greater trochanter) B: superior gluteal artery N: Superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1) A: hip medial rotator, thigh abductor
tensor fascia lata
C: gluteal O: ASIS I: iliotibial tract (to lateral tibial condyle) B: superior gluteal artery N: superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1) A: hip flexor (IT band)
tibialis posterior
C: deep posterior leg
O: tibia (posterior s.), fibula (posterior s.), interosseous membrane
I: naviculus (tuberosity), cuboid (base), cuneiforms (base), 2nd-4th metatarsals (bases), calcaneus (sustenaculum tali)
B: posterior tibial artery, peroneal (fibular) artery
N: tibial nerve (L4, L5)
A: foot plantarflexor, foot invertor
flexor digitorum longus
C: deep posterior leg
O: tibia (medial posterior surface)
I: 2nd-5th phalanges (plantar surface)
B: posterior tibial artery, peroneal (fibular) artery
N: tibial nerve (S2, S3)
A: 2nd-5th digit flexor, foot plantar flexor
flexor hallicus longus
C: deep posterior leg
O: tibia (inferoposterior surface)
I: 1st phalanx (hallux, plantar surface)
B: posterior tibial artery, peroneal (fibular) artery
N: tibial nerve (S2, S3)
A: 1st digit flexor, foot plantar flexor (weak)
Piriformis
C: Gluteal O: Sacrotuberous Ligament (S2, S3, S4) I: Femur (Greater trochanter) B: Superior and Inferior gluteal artery N: Anterior Sacral Rami (S1, S2) A: Hip Lateral Rotator (w/ thigh extended)
Superior Gemellus
C: Gluteal O: Superior: Ischial spine I: Femur (Greater trochanter; medial) B: Inferior gluteal artery N: Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1) A: Abduct flexed thigh (steady femoral head)
Inferior Gemellus
C: Gluteal O: ischial tuberosity I: blends w/ obturator internus tendon B: inferior gluteal artery N: Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1) A: Abduct flexed thigh (steady femoral head)
Obturator internus
C: Gluteal
O: obturator membrane (internal surface; dorsal side)
I: femur (greater trochanter; medial)
B: Inferior gluteal artery
N: nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)
A: Abduct flexed thigh (steady femoral head)
Quadratus femoris
C: gluteal
O: ischial tuberosity
I: femur (intertrochanteric crest; quadrate tubercle)
B: inferior gluteal artery
N: nerve to quadratus formis (L5, S1)
A: hip lateral rotator (steady femoral head)
Tibialis Anterior
C: anterior leg
O: tibia (lateral condyle),
Interosseous Membrane
I: 1st metatarsal (base), medial cuneiform
B: anterior tibial artery
I: deep perineal (fibular) nerve (L4, L5)
A: Foot Dorsiflexor, foot Invertor
Extensor Digitorum Longus
C: Anterior Leg
O: Tibia (Lateral Condyle), fibula (Superior surface), interosseous Membrane
I: 2nd-5th Phalanges
(Mid. + distal aspects)
B: Anterior Tibial Artery
N: Deep peroneal (fibular) nerve (L4, L5)
A: Foot Dorsiflexor 2nd-5th Digit Extensor
Extensor Hallucis Longus
C: Anterior leg
O: Fibula (Anterior surface), Interosseous Membrane
I: 1st phalanx (hallux; distal aspect)
B: anterior tibial artery
N: Deep peroneal (fibular) nerve (L4, L5)
A: Foot dorsiflexor, foot evertor
Fibularis Tertius
C: anterior leg
O: fibula (anterior surface), interosseous membrane
I: 5th metatarsal (base)
B: anterior tibial artery
N: Deep perineal (fibular) nerve (L4, L5)
A: foot dorsiflexor, foot evertor
Fibularis longus
C: lateral leg
O: fibula (head; superolateral surface)
I: 1st metatarsal (base), medial cuneiform
B: Posterior tibial artery, peroneal (fibular) artery branches
N: superficial peroneal (fibular) nerve (L5, S1, S2)
A: foot evertor, foot plantar flexor (weak)
Fibularis Brevis
C: lateral leg
O: fibula (inferolateral surface)
I: 5th metatarsal (base; lateral surface)
B: Posterior tibial artery, peroneal (fibular) artery branches
N: Superficial peroneal (fibular) nerve (L5, S1, S2)
A: foot evertor, foot plantar flexor (weak)
Gastrocnemius
C: superficial posterior leg
O: lateral head –>femur (lateral condyle)
medial head –> femur (medial condyle)
I: calcaneus (calcaneal tendon)
B: Posterior tibial artery, peroneal (fibular) artery branches
N: tibial nerve (S1, S2)
A: foot plantarflexor
Soleus
C: Superficial Posterior Leg O: Fibula (Head), Tibia (Soleal Line) I: calcaneus (calcaneal tendon) B: Posterior tibial artery, peroneal (fibular) artery branches N: tibial nerve (S1, S2) A: foot plantarflexor
Plantaris
C: Superficial posterior leg O: femur (lateral epicondyle) I: calcaneus (calcaneal tendon) B: posterior tibial artery, peroneal (fibular) artery branches N: Tibial nerve (S1, S2) A: foot plantarflexor (weak)
Popliteus
C: deep posterior leg
O: femur (lateral condyle; lateral meniscus)
I: tibia (posterior surf. above Soleal line)
B: popliteal artery (sural branches)
N: tibial nerve (L4, L5, S1)
A: unlocks knee (lateral rotation of femur on tibia)
