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OCHT Term I > PCTH - PPE > Flashcards

PCTH - PPE Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of freight trains carry hazardous/dangerous material? How about transport trucks?

A

35%; 10%

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2
Q

What are the 5 routes into the body for hazardous exposure?

A

inhalation
ingestion
injection
radiation
absorption

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3
Q

True or False. Paramedics can utilize poison control as a resource while on scene.

A

False - we never call poison control because we cannot follow their directives if it’s outside our scope

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4
Q

The severity of hazardous exposure is determined by what 3 factors?

A

1) time - how long the patient was exposed
2) concentration - strenghth or purity of material (which you can get from the workplace, patient, bystanders etc.)
3) dose - how much entered the body

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5
Q

What is the definition of poison/toxin?

A

anything that changes the way the body works/functions

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6
Q

What are the acute effects on your body after hazardous exposure?

A

1) local effects: burns, burning sensation, swelling, etc
2) systemic effects: respiratory, circulatory collapse

both can lead to death

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7
Q

What are the chronic effects on your body after hazardous exposure?

A

cancer
chronic respiratory conditions
organ failure
birth defects

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8
Q

What are the 4 levels of protection that can be designated regarding a call. What 2 factors are these levels of designations based on?

A

A, B, C, D

Factors:

  1. level of respiratory protection
  2. level of skin protection
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9
Q

The highest level of response to hazardous exposure is ____. What sort of protection is needed?

A

A;

  • greatest level of skin, respiratory, and eye protection needed
  • the material has been identified
  • SCBA (respirator) mask used
  • TYPICALLY: paramedics do not operate in these environments unless trained
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10
Q

What is required in Level B response to hazardous exposure?

A
  • highest level of respiratory protection
  • lesser level of skin, eye, mucous membrane protection
  • these are where the chemical are not known to be absorbed through skin
  • SCBA and protective clothing needed
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11
Q

What is required in Level C response to hazardous exposure?

A
  • APR: full or half face air purifying respirator mask (use filters/sorbent materials to remove harmful substances)
  • coveralls
  • concentration and type of airborne substance is known, no danger with skin contact or absorption
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12
Q

What is required in Level D response to hazardous exposure?

A
  • no hazards in the atmosphere so things used are helmet, goggles, work gloves, coveralls, escape mask
  • disosable gown
  • N95/respirator
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13
Q

The only level of response paramedics will work in is level ____.

A

D

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14
Q

What can you do if you don’t know what the hazardous material is or potential for exposure?

A

1) try and approach upwind - parking ~800m from scene until safe to approach
2) if hazardous/radioactive material suspected, withdraw
3) obtain placard number
4) notify CACC of material encountered
5) use of allied agencies
6) do not attempt patient rescue/recovery until safe
7) initiate care/transport when safe
8) utilize MCI guidelines when necessary
9) clean up - as per decontamination procedures

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15
Q

What are the 3 immediate tasks that EMS personnel are responsible for during hazardou exposure?

A

1) isolate the area - do not allow equipment, personnel into the area and do not rescue patients from area
2) identify material - from a safe distance (use CACC info, NAERG book, other agencies)
3) recognize immediate dangers/deontamination requirements (what level of PPE is required)

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16
Q

All of the following are potential responsibilities of a paramedic except for:

a) performing specialized duties if trained (i.e. HAZMAT)
b) triaging of decontaminated patients
c) evacuation procedures
d) assist with decontaminating area/patients
e) transportation of decontaminated patients

A

d) assist with decontaminating area/patients - WE DO NOT DO THIS

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17
Q

Another term of detergent suicide is:

A

Hydrogen Sulfide Suicide

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18
Q

Hydrogen sulfide suicides typically occur where?

A
  • confined spaces (vehicles, closets, small bathrooms)
  • may have biohazard signs posted around
  • duct tape/materials used to contain gas in space
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19
Q

What is H2S gas (hydrogen sulfide)?

A
  • a toxic, flammable, and colourless gas
  • immediately dangerous to life and health levle of 100PPM
  • causes extremely rapid CNS and respiratory depression
  • heavier than air and so will collect along floor/ground
20
Q

What are the two modes of entry for H2S gas?

A

primarily inhalation
sometimes ingestion

21
Q

What are the ingredients needed to make H2S gas?

A

acid source
sulfur source

22
Q

At 10ppm exposure to H2S gas, what can occur?

A

beginning of eye irritation

23
Q

At 50-100ppm exposure to H2S gas, what can occur?

A

slight conjunctivitis and resp tract irritation after one horu

24
Q

At 100ppm exposure to H2S gas, what can occur?

A
  • coughing, eye irritation, loss of sense of smell after 2-15 minutes
  • altered respiration, pain in eyes, drowsiness after 15-30 minutes followed by throat irritation after one hour
  • several hours exposure results in gradual increase in sx severity and death may occur within the next 48 hours
25
Q

At 200-300ppm exposure to H2S gas, what can occur?

A

marked conjunctivitis and resp tract infection after one hour exposure

26
Q

At 500-700ppm exposure to H2S gas, what can occur?

A

loss of consciousness and possible death in 30 minutes to one hour of exposure

27
Q

At 700-1000ppm exposure to H2S gas, what can occur?

A

loss of consciousness and possible death in 30 mins to 1 hour of exposure

28
Q

At 1000-2000ppm exposure to H2S gas, what can occur?

A

immediate unconsciousness, with early cessation of respiration and death in a few minutes

29
Q

The half life of H2S gas is:

A

12-37 hours in the air, but varies depending on photoactive pollutants and temperature (so sunlight and ambient air temp

*in very cold/dry winter conditions it can be 37+ hours

30
Q

Why is sense of smell not a reliable means to detect H2S gas?

A

because the H2S gas can cause olfactory paralysis meaning that olfactory nerves accommodate to the odor and therefore are not able to detect the presence of the chemical after a short period of time

  • occurs when exposed to 150+ppm and happens quickly (but prior to this, may smell like sewer gas/rotten eggs)
31
Q

What would be the appropriate PPE for dealing with H2S gas?

A
  • SCBA (self contained breathing apparatus) for unsafe levels of H2S gas (for FD)
  • chemically protective clothing not required with H2S gas alone but if liqufied gas, can cause frostbite through direct contact
  • safety line during rescue for retrieval purposes
32
Q

With H2S gas, decontamination responsibilities are done by who

A

FD, do not put any contaminated materials in ambulance

33
Q

What are antineoplastic drugs?

A
  • used to treat cancer (chemotherapy) and can be liquid or pill form
  • typically excreted in body fluids up to 48h post treatment
34
Q

Exposure to antineoplastic drugs could cause what symptoms?

A
  • skin, eye, and mucous membrane irritation
  • headaches, nausea, dizziness
35
Q

Define universal precuations

A

Process of assessing the risk in a given situation and then taking steps to reduce risk of exposure

i.e. giving the paramedic the info, skills/procedures to reduce risks, and necessary PPE

36
Q

How can communicable diseases spread? (4)

A

1) bloodborne diseases: Hep B/C, HIV, AIDS, ebola
2) spread via resp system: TB, influenza, measles, COVID
3) spread via fecal-oral route: hep A, C. diff
4) direct contact: scabies, lice

37
Q

Which of the follow are prevention measures for paramedics?

1) frequent hand washing
2) proper vaccinations
3) patient isolation
4) use of PPE
5) all of the above

A

all of the above

38
Q

What guiding principles are in place for universal precautions for paramedics

A

1) all workplaces are to have standard OHS programs in place
2) use of universal precautions
3) universal precautions designed to be used routinely in all situations of risk
4) employer is responsible for education of employees re: universal precautions
5) immunization as per Ambulance Act

39
Q

If hospitals are unable to disclose PHI re: a patient’s health or prognosis, what other avenues are available for paramedics when it is concerning potential exposure to communicable diseases?

A

1) universal precautions
2) mandatory guidelines for the Public Health Department (they have responsibility of immediate notification of possible exposure)
3) guidance from Designated Officer who is trained to assess exposures, and work with the public health department

40
Q

An ambulance services’ roles and responsibilities re: infectious exposure and universal precautions include which of the following:

1) assigning a designated officer to assess exposure reports and notify employees of possible exposure
2) ensuring completiong of “Employer’s Report of Injury/Disease Form 7” WSIB Form
3) providing equipment/training to employees to prevent possible exposure
4) all of the above

A

4) all of the above

41
Q

True or False. You can adjust your other PPE with contaminated gloves because your other PPE is considered a layer of protection.

A

False: avoid doing this, don’t adjust anything that is on you with dirty gloves

42
Q

When should a helmet be used while on duty?

A

1) all MVCs, extrications
2) industrial establishments where head protection is mandatory
3) all construction sites
4) fire stand-bys
5) traversing through heavy foliage
6) severe weather conditions
7) air ambulance response to on-site emergencies
8) according to local policy

43
Q

When should a reflective vest be used?

A

Anytime you are exposed to uncontrolled traffic

44
Q

What PPE is to be utilized for a patient with a positive COVID-19 screen (or if patient is negative COVID-19, but has fever or resp illness/distress)?

A
  • gloves
  • gown
  • goggles/safety glasses
  • face shield
  • surgical mask
  • patient receives surgical mask
45
Q

What PPE is to be utilized for cardiac arrests, unconscoius calls, and AGMPs?

A
  • N95 mask or MSA advantage 420
  • safety glasses
  • face shield
  • gown
  • gloves

OCHT Term I (14 decks)

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