PCS 2 Flashcards
Lymph from the jejunum drains into which nodes?
?
The veins of which structures drain into the portal vein?
?
Which amino acid is essential in the infant diet but not the adult diet
Arginine
Mutation of the gene p53 is often found in human cancers this is because…
It can induce cell death by apoptosis
Name a cell involved in inflammation / allergy and produced heparin and histamine as the main gene products
Basophils
Name an event that causes necrosis rather than apoptosis?
Physical trauma during development
During normal cardiac rhythm which area drives heart rate?
Sino-atrial node
Which hormone is normally released from gastric mucosa and acts to simulate appetites
Ghrelin
Why does a cell arrest at G1 when it detects severe DNA damage?
To stop cell from entering S Phase and doubling the damage
Which vitamin is recommended for supplementation when attempting to conceive?
B9
Which form of vitamin D is produced in the liver?
25 - hydroxycholecaliciferol
What hormone normally acts to stimulate gastric secretion of acid
Gastrin
What is the correct name given to the pressure inflection seen between systolic and diastolic pressure caused by the closure of the aortic valve
Incisura
Hutchinson - Gilford progeria syndrome causes premature death of suffered. What is the best description of the cause of this premature death?
Progressive atherosclerosis
Which veins are direct tributaries of the superior vena cava
Left internal jugular vein
Right brachiocephalic vein
Azygos vein
Which organs are retroperitoneal?
?
A patient is undergoing surgery for a suspected hernia. The surgeon finds that the sac of the hernia protrudes through the anterior abdominal wall lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels. What is the most likely type of hernia present?
?
How many basic structural units is IgM composed of?
5
Name a substance secreted by T cytotoxic lymphocytes?
Granzymes
Name a cell type that expresses MHC II molecules
Dendritic cells
Which part of the structure of an immunoglobulin will bind to antigen?
The complimentary determining region
The complement protein C5a has a role in what?
Chemotaxis
Name a characteristic of the adaptive immune response
Fixed immunity
What type of immune response are B lymphocytes primarily involved in?
Humoral immunity
What is the main function of plasma cells
Antibody secretion
C3 convertase function?
Converts C3 into C3a/b
Name the structures in walls / contents in the spermatic cord
Vas deferens Internal / external spermatic fascia Pampiniform plexus of veins Cremaster muscle Processus vaginalis
What brand of the abdominal aorta supplies the descending colon
Inferior mesenteric artery
What brand of the abdominal aorta supplies the pyloric sphincter
Coeliac trunk
What brand of the abdominal aorta supplies the fourth part of the duodenum?
Superior mesenteric artery
What brand of the abdominal aorta supplies the spleen
Coeliac trunk
What brand of the abdominal aorta supplies the appendix
Superior mesenteric artery
What brand of the abdominal aorta supplies the rectum
Inferior mesenteric artery
What forms the superior boundary of the epiploic foramen
The liver
What phase best describes when release of the hormone secretin does occur?
Intestinal
Which vessel lies directly posterior to the manubrium sterni and is in danger of injury in dislocation of the left sternoclavicular joint ?
Left brachiocephalic vein
