PCS 1

Question 1

What fuel source is being used predominantly by the muscle when respiratory exchange ratio is greater than 1?

Answer 1

Glucose

Question 2

Phosphorylation of enzymes is a common mechanism used to regulate their activity in the body - phosphorylation is an example of what?

Answer 2

Covalent modification

Question 3

Which of the following is a nucleoside 
Acetly co a 
Guanosine diphosphate 
Cytosine 
Carnitine 
Spastic acid

Answer 3

Guanosine diphosphate

Question 4

What is the name of the cell-cell anchoring junctions found between epithelial cells of the small intestine

Answer 4

Desmosomes

Question 5

A footballer is told that the injury to their leg is a tibial subperiosteal haematoma caused when they collided with a ten mate during training - what is the periosteum

Answer 5

Loose connective tissue sheath surrounding the bone

Question 6

A patient with mucosal blisters which are fragile - the diagnosis is pemphigus vulgaris - what epidermal structure is affected by this disease

Answer 6

Desmosomes

Question 7

What are the main functions of epithelia

Answer 7

Covering and lining

Question 8

What structure do all epithelia sit upon

Answer 8

Basement membrane

Question 9

What is the order of the 4 levels of protein structure

Answer 9

Primary secondary tertiary quaternary

Question 10

In addition to cells and ground substance what is the other key ingredient of connective tissue

Answer 10

Fibres

Question 11

An 8 month old boy weighing 9kg requires a dose of midazolam 2.5 mg to be administered buccally for febrile convulsions. Buccal midazolam liquid is available as a 10mg/mL solution. What volume of liquid should the patient be given?

Answer 11

?

Question 12

A mother presents with a 5 year old infant that has recently started having seizures. Upon investigation the mother is told that her child has inherited Tay-Sachs syndrome. At the cellular level, this is an abnormal accumulation of what?

Answer 12

Waste products with the cells

Question 13

An athlete has a torn meniscus in the right knee is advised that surgery is reunited to repair the rear. What is the connective tissue usually found in the meniscus of the knee

Answer 13

Fibrocartilage

Question 14

A 90 year old woman has osteoporosis and has significant compact bone loss. What cells are responsible for bone reabsorption?

Answer 14

Osteoclasts

Question 15

The brachial artery begins at?

Answer 15

The lower border of teres major

Question 16

Name a factor that would increase conduction velocity?

Answer 16

Increasing axon diameter

Question 17

The hyperpolarisation phase of an action potential is caused by what?

Answer 17

Slow closing of the voltage gated potassium channels

Question 18

Name the muscles responsible for flexing the elbow joint

Answer 18

?

Question 19

The action potential in a neutron…

Answer 19

… had an upstroke towards the sodium ion equilibrium potential

Question 20

What event during skeletal muscle contraction causes the power stroke?

Answer 20

?

Question 21

Influx of which ion would cause an inhibitory post synaptic potential?

Answer 21

Chloride

Question 22

Describe secondary active transport

Answer 22

Electrochemical gradient of one molecule is used to move another molecule against its electrochemical gradient

Question 23

What is the role of myosin phosphatase In smooth muscle?

Answer 23

Enables detachment of cross bridges

Question 24

Membranes of excitable cells at rest are most permeable to which ion?

Answer 24

?

Question 25

Compound action potentials can be recorded using what method?

Answer 25

Using 2 extracellular recording electrodes to measure a summed response

Question 26

Innervation of the anterior compartment of the arm

Answer 26

Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 27

Innervation of the posterior compartment of the forarm

Answer 27

Radial nerve

Question 28

Innervation of the anterior compartment of the forearm

Answer 28

Median nerve

Question 29

Innervation of the compartment of the hand (with 4 exceptions)

Answer 29

Ulnar nerve

Question 30

Classification of the the joint 
1 interphalangeal joint 
2 metacarpophalangeal joint 
3 inferior radioulnar joint 
4 wrist joint 
5 first carpometacarpel joint

Answer 30

1 synovial hinge 
2 synovial condyloid 
3 synovial pivot 
4 synovial ellipsiod 
5 synovial saddle